IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 82

By Dragan Jovcic, Guangfu Tang, and Hui Pang

Adopting
Circuit Breakers
for High-Voltage
dc Networks

S

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2019.2897408
Date of publication: 17 April 2019

82

ieee power & energy magazine

Since the late 19th century, ac power tranSmiSSion
systems have been widely used for interconnecting multiple power-producing plants with load centers. highly meshed ac transmission grids
with high redundancy and operating flexibility now operate worldwide.
these complex ac systems have proven reliable in securely providing
high levels of power, while also accommodating multiple voltage levels
to reduce loss.
two key components essential for transmission systems, besides
the lines themselves, are circuit breakers (cBs) and transformers. Such
units for ac transmission are relatively simple, reliable, and efficient.
cBs enable operators to open a circuit (line) under load and fault currents, which is essential for regular maintenance, system expansion, and
the physical integrity of large transmission systems. transformers make
it possible to change voltage levels, which is necessary for maintaining safe and reliable systems, but also for reducing losses with longdistance transmission.
however, ac transmission has many shortcomings, which have been
publicly debated since the war of the currents between tesla and westinghouse (who favored ac) and edison (who favored dc). with ac transmission, reactive current transfers occur, which increase losses and
cause operating difficulties. also, for underwater cable transmission at
distances of more than 100 km, reactive power issues become severe
due to excessive line charging, making ac transmission in such applications impractical.
high-voltage dc (hVdc) transmission has been used since 1954. thanks
to important technological advances, its use has taken off in the last 20 years.

1540-7977/19©2019IEEE

may/june 2019



IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Cover4
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