IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2022 - 58

Exploring Household Clusters:
An Illustrative Proof of Concept
Next, we propose and analyze an effective clustering procedure
to segment household consumptions. The procedure
is based on two consecutive clustering tools. The first tool
is applied to obtain major divisions among consumers and
capture their static behavior. The second tool is applied to
each of the previous divisions to capture specific features
describing dynamic behavior.
In particular, the first division is intended to group consumers
with similar consumption levels and volatility. It can
be used to differentiate among large, medium, and small
(households) consumers. The second division is designed
to identify groups with similar consumption profiles within
hours. This is valuable information that can be used to
design appropriate retail tariffs.
When large numbers of electricity consumers are
considered, the following practical issues must be taken
into account:
✔ Data normalization: The hourly consumption for each
household must be normalized to better compare the
consumption levels between households. In particular,
for the normalization, we have divided the hourly consumption
for each client by its maximum consumption
throughout the year.
✔ Seasonal impacts: Household consumption is seasonal.
To make the time series more homogeneous,
the clustering tools should be trained using data for a
60
50
40
30
20
10
Group
1
Cluster Centers for Each Group
Group 4
2
3
4
Group 3
Group 2
Group 1
10 20 30 40 50
60 70 80 90
Deciles (%)
(a)
Hourly Consumption Profile by Cluster With 80% Confidence Intervals
Clustering by Consumption Deciles
Group 1: 3,525 Clients
80
60
40
20
Group 2: 4,412 Clients
80
60
40
20
Group 3: 1,596 Clients
80
60
40
20
Group 4: 223 Clients
80
60
40
20
-1 0123456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
hour
(b)
figure 3. Major divisions: (a) centers and (b) hourly consumption profile.
58
ieee power & energy magazine
may/june 2022
Normalized Consumption (%)
Percentage of Normalized Consumption
(Respect to the Maximum)

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2022

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