IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2022 - 61

and a more sustained increment of
consumption during the evening
(8 p.m.-11 p.m.), although lower
than in the morning. However, the
highest consumption for the first
division during the evening is at
8 p.m., while the second division
peaks at 11 p.m. The third minor
group postpones the morning peak
to 3 p.m. and presents a second
peak (higher than the morning
one) during the evening at 10 p.m.
For macrogroup 2, the third
minor division captures consumers
with a morning peak a bit earlier
and a more sustained evening
peak. The difference between the
first and third divisions is that, in
the first, the morning peak and
the afternoon consumption valley
are slightly lower.
For macrogroup 3, the third
minor division presents a more
stable consumption pattern (the
night and afternoon consumption
valleys are not so significant). For
the other two minor groups, households
consume more during mornings
and evenings, respectively.
These minor divisions differ in the
hours for which the morning and
afternoon peaks occur.
Potential Applications
The clustering methods can be
used in several applications within
the activities of an electricity re -
tailer. First, the resulting groups
can be used for the development
of personalized products (e.g.,
electricity tariffs) in each cluster
of clients, allowing savings to the
final customer and increasing the
competitiveness of the retailer.
Moreover, this is closely related
to the successful implementation
of demand-response programs.
Clustering methods can help characterize
and quantify those groups of
consumers who have higher price
elasticity and are prone to dynamically
adapt their consumption.
This can help modify the consumption
profile of a given area, region,
or country to avoid consumption
may/june 2022
Subgroups With 946, 1,525, and 1,054 Households, Respectively
Subgroup
1
60
40
20
hour
(a)
Subgroups With 1,699, 1,267, and 1,446 Households, Respectively
Subgroup
1
60
40
20
hour
(b)
Subgroups With 691, 612, and 293 Households, Respectively
2
3
2
3
60
40
20
Subgroup
1
hour
(c)
figure 5. Subgroups in metagroups 1, 2, and 3 clustered by 95th percentile.
(a) Cluster centers for each division of metagroup 1. (b) Cluster centers for
each division of metagroup 2. (c) Cluster centers for each division of metagroup
3.
ieee power & energy magazine
61
2
3
Percentage of Normalized
Percentage of Normalized
Consumption (Respect to the Maximum)
-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Consumption (Respect to the Maximum)
-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Percentage of Normalized
Consumption (Respect to the Maximum)

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2022 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2022 - Cover3
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