IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2022 - 85

Fuel Category 2013
Coal*
Gas
Diesel
Nuclear
Hydro**
Wind
Solar
Biomass***
Total
table 2. Annual gross generation of power by source in India.
2014
2015
145,273
21,782
1,199
4,780
44,335
21,043
2,632
7,510
248,554
164,636
23,062
1,199
5,780
45,323
23,354
3,744
7,805
274,903
185,173
24,509
993
5,780
47,057
26,777
6,763
8,110
305,162
2016
192,163
25,329
838
6,780
48,858
32,280
12,289
8,296
326,833
2017
197,171
24,897
838
6,780
49,779
34,046
21,651
8,839
344,001
2018
2019
200,704 204,224
24,937
638
24,937
510
6,780
49,992
35,626
28,181
9,242
356,100
6,780
50,047
37,279
32,578
9,946
365,891
2020
2021****
205,135 209,810
24,955
510
24,924
510
6,780
50,382
37,694
34,628
10,023
* Includes lignite. ** Includes small hydropower. *** Includes biomass power/cogeneration and energy-from-waste.
**** Preliminary data based on 31 December 2021.
[Source: Central Electricity Authority, CEA (2019a), " All India installed capacity, " January 12, 2022 (https://www.cea.nic.in).]
solar modules over 20 years. Europe,
Asia, and North America have made
significant investments in the production
of solar modules, while China has
made a significant increase in production.
Data in the rest of the world indicates
a gradual increase in production
compared to 2010. Figure 10 shows
that over the past 10 years, Asia has
continued to increase solar PV production
toward the goal of reducing its
annual carbon footprint and environmental
pollution. It has been followed
by other Asian countries like India and
Japan, as shown in Figure 8.
India's installed generation capacity
is comprised of 365 GW, coal (55.8%),
hydro (13.7%), wind (10.1%), solar PV
(8.8%), natural gas (6.8%), bioenergy
and waste (2.7%), nuclear (2%), and
oil (0.1%). India has rapidly increased its
installed solar capacity from 2.63 GW
in 2013 to 32.5 GW in 2019. Even
though renewable sources (wind, solar,
and bioenergy) accounted for 8%
of generation in 2017, they accounted
for 21.8% of installed capacity. Annual
gross generation of power by source in
India is shown in Table 2. There is a
huge increase in solar power plants as
concluded from Table 2.
Conclusion
As the research and development of PV
cells are in progress, their efficiency
is increasing and prices are coming
down. As discussed earlier, solar cells
are being developed that have almost
40% efficiency. We also know that
when demand and production go up,
prices come down. Therefore, we can
conclude that in the coming future, solar
cells can emerge as the single largest
supply system of energy just as coal
emerged in the 19th century during the
Industrial Revolution. The future looks
bright for solar PV technologies.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Head
of Electrical Engineering Department,
Techno Main Salt Lake, for providing
the necessary opportunity for this research
project. They are also thankful
to all faculty members of the department
for their constant support.
For Further Reading
C. F. Naff, Solar Power, 1st ed. Farmington
Hills, MI, USA: Thomson Gale,
2007.
L. A. Lamont, History of Photovoltaics.
Abu Dhabi, UAE: Elsevier, 2012.
J. Schaeffer, Solar Living Source
Book. Hopland, CA, USA: Gaiam Real
Goods, 2008.
National Centre for Photovoltaic
Research and Education (NCPRE).
[Online]. Available: http://www.ncpre.
iitb.ac.in/ncpre/about/profile.html
G. Boyle, Renewable Energy: Power
for a Sustainable Future, 2nd ed.
Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2004.
Fraunhofer Inst. for Solar Energy,
" Photovoltaics report, " Jul. 27, 2021.
p&e
6,780
51,351
40,083
49,347
10,610
370,127 393,415
https://www.cea.nic.in http://www.ncpre.iitb.ac.in/ncpre/about/profile.html http://www.ncpre.iitb.ac.in/ncpre/about/profile.html http://emtp.com/ieeepes
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