IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2015 - 39

table 3.  Renewable EEG generation and remuneration 2001-2013 by technology.
Hydro

Biogas (Waste) Biomass

Geothe-rmal Wind Onshore Wind Offshore Solar

Gen.
Regime gWh

Rem.
M-€

Gen.
gWh

Rem.
M-€

Gen.
gWh

Rem. Gen. Rem. Gen.
M-€ gWh M-€ gWh

Rem. Gen.
M-€ gWh

Rem.
M-€

Gen.
gWh

Rem.
M-€

2001

FiT

*

*

6,088

n.a.

1,472

n.a.

0

0

10,509

n.a.

0

0

76

n.a.

2002

FiT

*

*

6,579

477

2,442

232

0

0

15,786

1,435 0

0

162

82

2003

FIT

*

*

5,908

327

3,484

327

0

0

18,713

1,696 0

0

313

154

2004

FiT

4,616 338

2,559

182

5,241

508

0

0

25,509

2,300 0

0

557

283

2005

FiT

4,953 364

3,136

219

7,367

795

0

0

27,229

2,441 0

0

1,282

679

2006

FiT

4,924 367

2,789

196

10,902 1,337 0

0

30,710

2,734 0

0

2,220

1,177

2007

FiT

5,547 418

2,751

193

15,924 2,162 0

0

39,713

3,508 0

0

3,075

1,597

2008

FiT

4,982 379

2,208

156

18,947 1,699 18

3

40,574

3,561 0

0

4,420

2,219

2009

FiT

4,877 382

2,020

143

22,980 3,700 19

4

38,542

3,389 38

6

6,578

3,157

2010

FiT

5,049 421

1,160

83

25,146 4,240 28

6

37,460

3,316 174

26

11,683 5,090

FiP

616

n.a.

803

n.a.

9

n.a.

159

n.a.

n.a.

0

FiT

2,397 231

487

36

23,374 4,476 19

4

45,043

4,165 568

85

19,339 7,766

FiP

2,446 n.a.

1,328

n.a.

4,603

n.a.

3,272

n.a.

n.a.

1

FiT

2,724 270

578

42

24,353 4,872 25

6

14,302

1,310 82

12

24,369 8,904

FiP

2,693 77

1,191

5

9,967

0

35,647

2,315 640

83

1,025

FiT

3,007 303

529

38

19,551 4,059 68

16

7,514

688

0

25,259 8,587

FiP

3,817 118

1,247

10

16,707 2,096 12

3

43,289

2,836 905

123

3,526

2011

2012

2013

n.a.

n.a.

970

0

0

0

0

0

0

n.a.

n.a.

252

759

*Hydro and biogas are reported jointly for 2001-2003 (for 2001-2003, hydro is added to the biogas column). (Source: www.
netztransparenz.de.)

reduced twice to counter cost increases. Tariff adjustments generally concerned new installations only, except for the 2009 amendment that partially affected
existing installations as well.
✔✔ The introduction of targets for capacity expansion per
technology and tariff adjustments based on whether the
targets are met or not (first for solar PVs in 2012 and then
for other technologies in 2014, also referred to as the
breathing-cap "atmender Deckel"). Table 2 shows estimations for the bandwidths of EEG remunerations from 2000
to 2014; Note that the values are approximations to represent the evolution of tariffs over the years. It is possible
that tariffs exist(ed) outside the provided bandwidths due
to exemptions and special conditions. In addition, biogas
(waste) includes landfill, sewage treatment, and mine gas.
july/august 2015	

✔✔ The inclusion of new technologies (for example, an ex-

pansion of included hydro units in 2004).
✔✔ Regulation improvements to guarantee the correct

functioning of the system (clearer definitions regarding the obligation of grid operators to integrate renewable generation in 2004).
✔✔ Adjustments to minimize undesired effects of increased renewable participation within the electricity
system (since 2009, grid operators can ramp down renewable generators if grid stability is threatened, and
since 2014 payment of FiTs is generally suspended
when negative electricity prices persist at the electricity exchange).
✔✔ Attempts to incentivize direct marketing of renewable production (most notably the market premium system in 2012).
ieee power & energy magazine 	

39
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