IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 25

An Overview of R&D by
the U.S. Department of Energy

This view of microgrids was first articulated in a DOE/OE-funded study on the
advanced microgrid. The findings of this study are described in the report, "The
Advanced Microgrid: Integration and Interoperability." This report introduced the term "advanced microgrid" to differentiate types of microgrids
that were simply for back-up power from those with complex configurations of generation, storage, and loads with energy management systems (EMSs), i.e., controllers.
Early definitions of microgrids focused on islanding; now definitions have expanded to include the management of generation
and load as a part of the electric power system. These changed
concepts, definitions, and scale characterize an advanced microgrid. The concept of the microgrid is changing to fully
recognize its benefits in terms of market participation, renewable integration, cost savings and reliability to the grid, as
well as resiliency.
Advanced microgrids contain all the essential elements of
a large-scale grid, such as the ability to 1) balance electrical
demand with sources, 2) schedule the dispatch of resources,
and 3) preserve grid reliability (both adequacy and security).
Advanced microgrids require controllers with the capability
to perform these functions.

Microgrid Controller as an
Energy Management System
A key element of microgrid operation is the microgrid EMS
(MEMS), the control function that defines the microgrid as
an autonomous system and properly connects to the main grid
for the exchange of power and the supply of ancillary services. The
MEMS enables the interplay of different controllers and components
needed to operate the EMS through cohesive and platform-independent
interfaces. This approach will allow for component flexibility and customization and for control algorithms to be deployed without sacrificing
plug-and-play or limiting potential functionality.
Microgrid components and operational solutions exist in different configurations
with different implementations. Regardless of whether equipment and software are commercial or custom, components should be interoperable and have interfaces that comply
with functional standards defined by the MEMS. State-of-the-art control methods must
be developed that pertain to different control levels from the perspective of the advanced
microgrid. Figure 2 shows the layered architecture for a utility-interactive microgrid.
At the most basic level, the microgrid controller must be able to disconnect from
the grid and island. This delivers resiliency, the most common benefit of the microgrid
as perceived by the public. However, disconnection is an infrequent event, and reconnection and synchronization with the grid is important for normal 24/7 operations. This
is achieved through the controller in a complex relationship with the resources that it
manages and the utility at the point of interconnection.
july/august 2017

ieee power & energy magazine

25



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 5
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 6
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 7
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 8
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 9
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 10
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 11
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 12
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 13
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 14
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 15
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 16
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 17
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 18
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 19
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 20
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 21
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 22
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 23
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 24
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 25
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 26
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 27
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 28
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 29
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 30
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 31
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 32
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 33
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 34
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 35
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 36
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 37
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 38
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 39
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 40
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 41
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 42
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 43
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 44
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 45
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 46
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 47
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 48
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 49
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 50
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 51
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 52
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 53
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 54
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 55
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 56
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 57
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 58
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 59
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 60
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 61
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 62
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 63
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 64
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 65
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 66
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 67
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 68
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 69
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 70
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 71
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 72
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 73
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 74
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 75
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 76
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 77
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 78
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 79
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 80
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 81
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 82
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 83
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 84
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 85
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 86
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 87
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 88
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 89
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 90
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 91
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 92
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 93
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 94
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 95
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 96
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 97
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 98
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 99
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 100
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 101
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 102
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 103
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 104
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 105
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 106
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 107
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 108
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 109
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 110
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 111
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 112
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 113
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 114
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 115
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - 116
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2017 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070820
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050620
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030420
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010220
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070819
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050619
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030419
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070818
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050618
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030418
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070817
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050617
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030417
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070816
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050616
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030416
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070815
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050615
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030415
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111214
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070814
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050614
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030414
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010214
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com