IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019 - 48

from the grid to drive an evolving set of applications and analytics. Utilities, systems owners, and a host of new DER stakeholders will need to be able to roll out new applications and
access an increasing amount of grid data to optimize their
investments. Old schemes will need to be adapted quickly and
reliably throughout the entire system. The only way to provide
the adaptability and flexibility required within fast time constraints is to use an application-driven hardware- and vendorindependent ecosystem. As the grid evolves, future substations
will require applications to be developed for a specific need
and then pushed out to every substation, similar to the current
smartphone ecosystem.

Digitally Enabled Substation Architecture
A reference architecture for the first version of a digitally
enabled substation is shown in Figure 1. The substation
in this architecture is fully digital: every analog interface
will be digitized directly at the interface, with data shared

to communications networks in the substation. This means
that the state and behavior of the power system and primary
equipment are readily available as digital data wherever
needed. The control of primary equipment is through digital
interfaces as well. Therefore, a required step for the substation of the future is the full implementation of process bus
to interface data from primary equipment to devices, such as
protection relays, bay control units, equipment monitoring
devices, and phasor measurement units (PMUs).
The key component in this architecture is the substation
edge device, which is a processing platform running software services using a container-based architecture. Every
application is developed as a service running independently
of the others, each entirely in its own container, as seen in
Figure 2. Data can be shared across or between containers as
necessary, so functions, for instance, the security manager
and control plane, are shared. The substation edge device
is also the communications interface between the substation

Utility
Enterprise

Cloud

Distribution
Automation

Mobile

Microgrid

Edge Manager

Control Plane

Security Services

Data Collector

Analytics

Data Services

Apps

Apps

Apps

Substation Edge Device

Station Bus

Bay Control Unit

Protection and
Control Relay

Monitoring and
Diagnostic Devices

PMU

Process Bus
Process
Interface Unit

Digital
Instrument
Transformer

Sensing

Process
Interface Unit

figure 1. A digitally enabled substation.
48

ieee power & energy magazine

july/august 2019



IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019

Contents
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