IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019 - 67

Offshore
Substation Design

T

THE OFFSHORE WIND INDUSTRY HAS BEEN GAINing momentum on the East Coast of the United States as
its first U.S. offshore wind farm (OWF), off Block Island
(30 MW), has been in operation for nearly three years. States
such as Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, Rhode
Island, New Jersey, and Maryland are all taking significant
steps forward in embedding offshore wind within their future
energy portfolios. BVG Associates predicts that the U.S. offshore wind market will develop rapidly between 2020 and
2030, with a high forecast of annual installed capacity sur-

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2019.2909008
Date of publication: 18 June 2019

july/august 2019

High-Level Overview
of the Industry
Best Practices
passing 1 GW by 2026 and reaching 8.4 GW by 2030. As the
industry moves from demonstration- to commercial-scale
projects, there is growing interest in high-capacity farms sited
farther offshore in deeper waters (see Figure 1).
Finding the balance between resilience and the cost of an
offshore substation (OSS) is one of the key challenges for OWF
developers today. This is further complicated by the need to
keep the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and long-term operating expenditures (OPEX) low in a competitive market. The
decision drivers for an OWF design can be different from those
of utility systems. Clients have different needs for substation
development from both technical and commercial perspectives, and they can vary from one country to another. Designers

1540-7977/19©2019IEEE

ieee power & energy magazine

©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/SMARTBOY10

By Vandad Hamadi,
Úna Brosnan,
Ingar Loftus,
and Gavin Montgomery

67



IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019 - Cover1
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