IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019 - 68

need to establish a definite method from an early stage, which
will allow them to assess options and provide results that will
underpin economic decisions. Figure 2 shows an example of
the variance among some of the European approaches in the
United Kingdom, Germany, and The Netherlands.
With the emergence of the offshore wind industry in the
United States, this article provides a high-level overview
of the key drivers, design requirements, and industry best

practices for OSS design. The article also explores some of
the developments in electrical technology that are helping to
shape the offshore wind industry and contribute to its costreduction challenge.
OSSs facilitate the collection and export of the power
generated by an OWF through specialized submarine cables,
which are essential components, especially at large, multimegawatt sites. OSSs are also critical to stabilizing and

figure 1. The Rampion OWF. (Source: Atkins; used with permission.)

Country

Wind Turbines
and Array Cables

OSS
(ac)

OSS
(dc)

Subsea
Export
Cable

Onshore
Onshore
Substation Substation
(Grid
Company)

Onshore
Transmission
and Distribution
Grid

United Kingdom Offshore
Wind Developer

Built by the Offshore Wind Developer
Work Undertaken by Onshore
(Late OFTO Model) and Then Transferred to
Grid Company as Part of Enabling
Offshore Transmission Owner (OFTO) Company Work or Use of Existing Asset

Denmark

Offshore
Wind Developer

Offshore Transmission System Developed by
Energinet as Offshore Transmission System
Operator (TSO)

Work Undertaken by Onshore
Grid Company as Part of Enabling
Work or Use of Existing Asset

Germany

Offshore Wind
Developer (Including the
Offshore ac Substation)

Offshore Transmission System Developed by
German TSOs (TenneT, 50 Hertz) as Offshore
TSO

Work Undertaken by Onshore Grid
Company as Part of Enabling Work
or Use of Existing Asset

The Netherlands Offshore Wind Developer Offshore Transmission System Developed by
(Including the Offshore
Dutch TSO (TenneT) as Offshore TSO
ac Substation)

Work Undertaken by Onshore
Grid Company as Part of Enabling
Work or Use of Existing Asset

figure 2. European transmission approaches. (Source: Atkins; used with permission.)
68

ieee power & energy magazine

july/august 2019



IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2019 - Cover4
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