IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021 - 52

Grid and Market
Services From the Edge
©SHUTTERSTOCK.COM/SIRA ANAMWONG
Using Operating Envelopes to Unlock
Network-Aware Bottom-Up Flexibility
By Michael Z. Liu, Luis (Nando) Ochoa, Shariq Riaz,
Pierluigi Mancarella, Tian Ting, Jack San, and John Theunissen
T
52
THE PROLIFERATION OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY
resources (DERs) at the edge of the grid, such as residential
solar photovoltaics and batteries, has created the
opportunity for aggregators to manage multiple customers
(hereafter referred to as active customers) and their DERs
to participate in energy and ancillary service markets and
provide various local and system-level grid services. These
aggregators strive to create a large portfolio involving
thousands of active customers and thus achieve the flexDigital
Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2021.3072819
Date of current version: 21 June 2021
ieeepower & energy magazine
ibility to create a substantial aggregated response at the
system level.
At the same time, if this aggregated response is not adequately
managed, the simultaneous power exports (or imports)
can result in voltages and currents well beyond the limits of
the distribution network. As the volume of DERs participating
in system and market operation increases, the more necessary
it is to ensure network integrity. But the big barrier
for most distribution companies is that they cannot directly
control DERs or aggregators because of the unbundling rules
of deregulated electricity markets.
1540-7977/21©2021IEEE
july/august 2021

http://www.SHUTTERSTOCK.COM/SIRA

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021 - Cover3
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