Aggregated demand response resources provide two grid services: peak shaving and emergency response to contingencies. Peak shaving is scheduled on day-ahead and intraday time horizons. It is usually conducted for the annual highestload days. Each demand response participant will be dispatched no more than 10 times per year. Emergency response is used for enhancing frequency stability after large contingencies. Out of 2,000 MW of the load, 558 MW can be curtailed in under 1 s, thus reducing involuntary load shedding. The industrial demand response aggregation business model relies on incentives, which currently requires government policy. Incentives to participants are based on the amount of procured demand response capacity; they are on the order of 20-30 CNY/kW/year and paid by the government. Considering that the communication hardware installation cost is generally less than that that of physical storage and transmission/generation facilities, from a grid company's point of view, demand response aggregation is generally a more economical approach to shaving the peak load. It is hoped that grid companies soon will be allowed to launch their own demand response aggregation programs and that incentives can be identified through a market mechanism. figure 7. The Zhangjiagang industrial demand response aggregation platform. Attribute Number of participants Response types Communication Load status update frequency Platform Measurement and control Business model table 3. The development of demand response technology in the Jiangsu province. Demand Response 1.0 <10 Involuntary + day ahead Phone Every hour No cloud platform Measurement and manual response control Day-ahead response + intraday rolling scheduling + no incentive july/august 2021 Demand Response 2.0 <102 Voluntary + day ahead + no invitation Internet Every 15 min No cloud platform Measurement and manual response control Day-ahead response + incentive Demand Response 3.0 >103 Voluntary + real time + invitation 4G/5G and channel encryption + security protection Every 30 s Cloud platform with a huge amount of data Measurement and automatic response control Real-time response + incentive ieee power & energy magazine 71