IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021 - 75

Electricity systems in Europe are experiencing
major changes due to targets for renewable
energy integration.
among electricity, gas, heating, and cooling sectors. Several
real-world case studies are considered. These case studies,
located in different European countries (Austria, Denmark,
France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, and Sweden),
represent three main categories of MESs: industrial sites,
district heating and cooling systems, and distributed units
at consumers' premises and substations. By covering different
regulatory frameworks, sector-coupling technologies,
stakeholders, and business models, the general principle is
to demonstrate how it may be possible to create a technoeconomic
framework for MESs that can boost much-needed
flexibility to a low-carbon electricity grid.
Concepts, Architecture, and Use Cases
Figure 1 shows a high-level conceptual architecture for the
provision of bottom-up flexibility to distributed MESs.
Markets and Service Procurement Layers
Electricity market and service layers are composed of different
procurement mechanisms, each associated with specific
products and functions. Table 1 summarizes some
of the most relevant services that MESs could provide, as
seen from a detailed analysis of the electricity system needs
across Europe. Gas and heating/cooling markets and service
layers are part of the architecture since they affect and are
Electricity System Stakeholders
Service Buyers
Other Market
Participants
Electricity
Market
or Service
Layers
Aggregation
Gas Market
or Service
Layers
Gas System
Stakeholders
EMS
Technology
Technology
Technology
Technology
MESs
figure 1. A high-level conceptual architecture for the provision of flexibility. (Source: MAGNITUDE project.) EMS: energy
management system.
july/august 2021
ieee power & energy magazine
75
Heating and
Cooling Market
or Service
Layers
Heat/Cooling
System
Stakeholders

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021

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Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021 - Cover3
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