IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021 - 82

heating demand and the resulting reduction of (upward) heat
flexibility. As an example, Figure 7 details the provision of the
following flexibility services for ACS in winter and summer:
mFRR-upward (UP) (green bars), mFRR-downward (DW)
(blue bars), aFRR (yellow symmetric bars), and FCR (pink
symmetric bars). In Figure 7, (a) shows that in winter, flexibility
is almost completely exploited, while in (b), flexibility
exploitation is limited during summer. In summer, flexibility
is provided by an electric boiler (electrical load) and heat production
reduction. The exploitation of heat storage could also
contribute to summer flexibility.
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10
5
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15 9131721
(a)
20
15
10
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-5
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(b)
Elect-Flex-Up
mFRR-UP
17 21
Elect-Flex-DW
aFRR
mFRR-DW
FCR
figure 7. ACS: the market services scheduling programs
during winter and summer. (a) Scheduling program in
winter and (b) scheduling program in summer. Elect-flexup:
upward electric flexibility; Elect-flex-dw: downward
electric flexibility.
Maximization of Flexibility Provision
by the Aggregation Platform
To assess business opportunities, an investigation of MES
flexibility deployment in a realistic market environment is
crucial. This involves simulating the behavior of the market
participants, which is heavily influenced by uncertainties
about available flexibility and prices in upcoming trading
periods. The multi-energy aggregation platform plays
a central role in the simulation and is composed of several
processes, which are described in Figure 8. The simulation
consists of five main steps:
1) forecasts of market prices and the flexibility of the resources
in the aggregation pool
2) the daily optimization of the aggregated pool's bidding
strategy and the generation of bids for flexibility
in generation and consumption
3) market emulation
4) the real-time operation and disaggregation of set
points of the pool resources
5) financial settlement and the distribution of revenues.
The simulation of MES aggregation and market particiMarkets;
Products,
Rules, and
Requirements
Flexibility
Forecasts
Market Price
Forecasts
Bid Optimization
Module
Proposed
Set of Bids: Markets,
Products, Megawatts,
and Prices
Pool
Composition
Required
Backup
pation was demonstrated in the aforementioned case studies,
yielding the expected MES revenues in the different markets
considered for flexibility deployment. In particular, the MES
optimization tool included flexibility in day-ahead procurement
and subsequently evaluated the flexibility of an MES
based on the optimized day-ahead schedule. The investigated
MESs were typically assessed as part of a broader
portfolio of flexibility assets. Trading flexibility at the portfolio
level enables the provision of backup capacity for the
traded flexibility product and dynamic least-cost dispatching
of the resources inside the portfolio,
which is beneficial compared to
flexibility provision by individual
units. The typical portfolio consists
of CHP units for industry and community
supplies, run-of-the-river
hydro with and without reservoirs,
demand response, power-to-heat
conversion, diesel gensets, wind
power, and photovoltaic sources.
An MES would contribute around
20-40% to the entire capacity of
the portfolio, depending on the specific
case study.
In terms of the main findings,
figure 8. The bid generation process in the multi-energy aggregation platform.
82
ieee power & energy magazine
comparing the marginal costs of
downward flexibility, i.e., increasing
july/august 2021
Ancillary Services Traded (MW)
Ancillary Services Traded (MW)
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021

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