IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021 - 88

Even when several dc machines
were connected to a station bus, generating
stations were not networked.
Charles Steinmetz, writing on short
circuits in dc networks in an AIEE
Transactions paper, had the following
to say in 1920:
In the former 250-volt directcur
rent generating systems,
from which most of the large
metropolitan systems have developed,
subdivision in a number
of generating stations limited the
power which could be developed
at any point, and thereby its destructiveness,
by the resistance
of feeders and mains.
With ac, it was a different story.
During this time, electrical engifigure
1. A reciprocating steam engine in the 74th Street power station of
the Manhattan Metropolitan Street Railway placed in service in 1902. (Source:
" The Electrical Equipment of the Manhattan Railway, " Street Railway Review,
vol. 12, no. 2, p. 98, 1902.)
neering had only recently been recognized
as a separate discipline. Many
electrical engineers had started in
the mechanical or civil disciplines.
Even for well-respected electrical
engineers, there were large gaps in
theoretical understanding. Few fully
appreciated just how different ac was
from dc. It was different not only at
the level of the short circuit current
available but also in terms of the
overvoltage that could be produced
by an intermittent fault current. AC
did not appear to follow the same
behavior that governed dc. Capacitive
and inductive reactance were not
well understood at this time, and, in
many cases, not understood at all.
P.N. Nunn, one of the ac pioneers
figure 2. The Fisk Street station steam turbines in service circa 1907. Because
of their vertical setting, notice their resemblance to a hydraulic turbine. (Source:
Western Electrician, " Fisk Street Station of the Commonwealth Electric Company, "
Western Electrician, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 1, Jan. 1906.)
88
ieee power & energy magazine
who designed and installed the Telluride
Power Co. hydroelectric project
in Colorado, said, " In 1890, alternating
current was just plain freak; it did
not follow Ohm's law and 'clogged'
itself in its circuits. " There was also
the curious case of Sebastian Ziani de
Ferranti, who encountered problems
wherein the receiving-end voltage was
more than the transmission end! How
could that be? That certainly did not
happen in dc circuits. The answer was
not obvious at the time.
In some cases, a concept as basic as
Ohm's law was not fully understood.
Harold W. Buck, an eminent electrical
engineer and former president of the
july/august 2021

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021

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Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021 - Cover2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2021 - Cover3
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