IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014 - 52

one aspect of climate change that particularly concerns
power engineers in the developing world is the changes taking
place in relation to hydroelectric resources, particularly the
reduction of those energy sources in countries heavily dependent on them, like Central and south america, where 60% of
electricity demand is met through hydropower generation. the
need to assess climate change impacts at the national level,
the resulting effects on electricity supply and on hydroelectric
power, and the tools that can be used to mitigate those effects
and adapt the power infrastructure to them are all exemplified
in the country of Chile.

causing climate change worldwide. in effect, the burning of
coal (see Figure 1), natural gas, and oil for electricity generation and heat production is the largest single source of ghg
emissions (41%). road, rail, air, and marine transportation
that requires the burning of fossil fuels (mainly gasoline and
diesel) is the second-largest contributor (22%). industry is the
third-largest source, again from the burning of fossil fuels
(20%). emissions from forestry management, deforestation,
fires, land clearing, and the management of agricultural lands
and livestock are next.
Carbon dioxide (Co2) makes up the vast majority of
the ghgs emitted by the electricity sector, along with
smaller amounts of methane (Ch4) and nitrous oxide (n2o).
as reported by the United states environmental Protection agency (ePa), while electricity generation from coal
accounts for about 42% of the electricity generated in the

Electricity as a Principal Contributor
to Climate Change
energy supply, including electricity generation, is one of
the sources of the greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions that are

Atlântico
NE
Ocidental

Amazönica

Atlântico
NE Oriental

Parnaiba

Tocantins
Araguala

Sâo
Francisco

Atlântico
Leste

Paragual

Paranâ

Atlântico
Sudeste

Percentage Variation to Baseline
North
>60

40-60

20-40

0-20

0-(-20)

(-20)-(-40)

(-40)-(-60)

<(-60)

Uruguai
Atlântico
Sul

West

East
South

figure 2. Variations in firm energy produced in major Brazilian river basins according to GHG emission scenario A2
(source: Schaeffer et al.).
52

ieee power & energy magazine

september/october 2014



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014 - 1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014 - Cover4
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