IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - 90
The first transcontinental railroad in
the United States had been completed in
1869, and there were 93,000 mi of railroad tracks in the United States in 1880.
Analogous to Ganz, when George Westinghouse branched out into the electrical
manufacturing business, the Westinghouse Air Brake Company, founded in
1869, was already a successful manufacturer of the air brakes he had invented
for trains. By 1874, Westinghouse air
brakes were in daily use in more than
30,000 mi of railroad owned by more
than 100 companies in the United States,
Belgium, Britain, Canada, Cuba, Russia,
and other countries. Westinghouse celebrated his 28th birthday that year. In
2004, the Westinghouse Air Brake Co.
merged with another company to form
the Wabtec corporation.
It is best to end this article by referring to a lecture in 1896 by Louis Duncan, president of the American Institute
of Electrical Engineers at the time,
"Present Status of the Transmission and
Distribution of Electrical Energy." The
published version of the lecture includes
a listing of 29 of the principal transmission plants in operation worldwide. Only
three of those transmission systems exceeded the 25 mi of the Gaulard-Gibbs
system of 1884: Pomona, California (28
3/4 mi, one phase), Fresno, California
(35 mi, three phases), and the 1891 experimental transmission system from
Lauffen to Frankfurt, Germany (100 mi,
three phases).
For Further Reading
"The distribution of electricity," The
Times, London, Apr. 18, 1883.
"The distribution of energy by
s e c ondary generators," Electrician
(London), vol. 12, p. 29, Nov. 24, 1883.
"Von der Turiner Ausstellung - Die
Secundär-Generatoren von Gaulard und
Gibbs," Zeitschrift für Elektrotechnik
(Vienna), vol. 2, pp. 729-732, 1884.
J. D. Gibbs, "The distribution of
electrical energy by secondary genera-
tors," Van Nostrand's Eng. Mag., vol.
32, no. 6, pp. 495-501, June 1885.
The National Company for the Distribution of Electricity by Secondary
Generators, Limited, The Distribution
of Electrical Energy by the Gaulard-
Gibbs System of Secondary Generators. London: The National Company
for the Distribution of Electricity by
Secondary Generators, Limited, 1885.
"Lucien Gaulard," Railroad Eng. J,
vol. 63, p. 48, Jan. 1889.
"Meeting of creditors," Elect. Rev.
(London), vol. 61, p. 568, Oct. 4, 1907.
"John Dixon Gibbes," Electrician
(London), vol. 68, p. 909, Mar. 15, 1912.
J. Bethenod, "Œuvre et vie de Lucien Gaulard - réalisateur du premier
transformateur à courant alternatif,"
Commémoration du cinquantenaire des
premiéres réalisations de transmission
d'énergie par l'électricité, Paris: Société
Française des Électriciens, 1935.
p&e
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019
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