IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - 74

15 kW

1.5

10 kW

5 kW
0W
10 Dec.

The Future of DSOs in the
European Energy Market
(h)

20 kW

0.5
11 Dec.

12 Dec.

Reduction Offer

13 Dec.

14 Dec.

0
15 Dec. 16 Dec.

Maximum Offered Duration

figure 10. The VEN SEB load reduction and offer duration in the test period. The
maximum offered duration corresponds to maximum eligible duration of the power
reduction period if the offer is accepted at that specific moment.

Weather Data

125

1.04

100

1.03

1.02

1.01

0
10 Dec.

11 Dec.

12 Dec.

13 Dec.

14 Dec.

Temperature (°)
Cloud Cover (%)

0.99
15 Dec. 16 Dec.

Humidity (%)
Pressure (Bar)

figure 11. The temperature, humidity, and cloud cover during the test period.

20 kW

Mean Power Forecasting

15 kW
10 kW
5 kW
0W
10 Dec.

11 Dec.

12 Dec.

13 Dec.

14 Dec.

15 Dec.

16 Dec.

figure 12. The VEN SEB mean power consumption forecasting during the test period.

20 kW
15 kW
10 kW
5 kW
0W
10 Dec.

11 Dec.

12 Dec.

13 Dec.

Mean Power Forecasting

14 Dec.

15 Dec.

16 Dec.

Mean Power

figure 13. The VEN SEB forecast and real mean power consumption during the test
period.
74

ieee power & energy magazine

Although there are some regulatory
issues to be tackled at the member
states level, DSOs are faced with new
challenges in the energy transition,
including increased RES integration,
electrification with EVs, heating and
cooling, and meeting decarbonization objectives. A more flexible and
resilient grid is required to face these
new challenges, with different actors
operating and exchanging information. The complexity of bidirectional
power flows, reactive power, Volt/
var control needs, and other factors
related to system stability is creating
scenarios in which the implementation of markets to purchase "flexibility" from aggregators should be
structured to address emergency
situations due to weather conditions
and other hazardous events, grid
congestion, and so forth.
It is very probable that in the near
future, TSOs could harness the flexibility offered by numerous DERs as
part of their grid management under
normal conditions. This would require that the right stakeholders,
system platforms, and procedures
are defined and established to create
a "flexibility and ancillary services"
market. In all the aforementioned
scenarios, congestion management
is an unavoidable responsibility for
DSOs. DSOs will have to perform
congestion management based on
market conditions and standard protocols, such as the OpenADR with
the CBP program demonstrated in
this article. The functional strategy
of OpenADR is based on modularity and interoperable platforms, thus
reducing complexity and adapting
to the evolution of the power grid.
Smart grids provide a new distributed scenario in which resources
and technology are decentralized
and distributed across the power
system, with different stakeholders
involved. All stakeholders should
collaborate to implement intelligent
strategies to guarantee a sustainable
long-term vision in which DSOs
september/october 2020

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020

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