IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 22

Increased resilience is important as the power system transitions
and the Australian power system pushes the operational boundaries
with higher reliance on new energy sources.
reserve. Increased resilience is important as the power system
transitions and the Australian power system pushes the
operational boundaries with higher reliance on new energy
sources. In this issue of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine,
a separate article, " From Security to Resilience: Technical
and Regulatory Options to Manage Extreme Events in
10
12
14
16
2
4
6
8
Frequency (Hz)
figure 5. The frequency distribution of the NEM mainland in 2010, 2019, and 2020.
(Source: AEMO; used with permission.)
Low-Carbon Grids, " discusses in detail the need for in -
creased system resiliency.
All 2010
Sept. 2020
Oct. 2020
Nov. 2020
Dec. 2020
System Strength Adequacy
Due to the geographic size of the NEM power system,
there are areas of the grid that are weakly interconnected to
the rest of the network and electrically
distant from the closest synchronous
machine. This means
they have low system strength.
According to the literature published
on the AEMO website,
" system strength " is defined as
the ability of the power system
to maintain and control the voltage
waveform at any given location
in the power system during
steady-state operation and following
a disturbance.
Some of Australia's best renew8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
01234567
8
Wind and Solar (GW)
% Penetration
2019 Number of Units
6
Minimum Units
8
7
9
10
2025 (Projected)
> 11
figure 6. The Victoria system operation showing synchronous generation and wind
and solar output. The units count relates to units suitable to provide system strength
services. (Source: AEMO; used with permission.)
22
ieee power & energy magazine
able energy resources are in these
weak areas, which has put the
NEM at the international forefront
of challenges in connecting wind
and solar generation in areas with
low system strength. New generator
connections in these areas are
obligated to not adversely impact
stable system operation. Connecting
generators, original equipment
manufacturers, and network
service providers are adapting
to operating in these low system
strength conditions. As such,
Australia has been pioneering
analytical
techniques (i.e., electromagnetic
transient modeling) to
simulate the complex behavior of
IBRs in these areas to solve these
emerging challenges.
Figure 6 shows the current
and projected impact of increased
levels of online wind and solar
generation relative to the number
of large (>200 MVA as a proxy
for high system strength sources)
september/october 2021
Synchronous Generation (GW)
(%)
49.86
49.88
49.9
49.92
49.94
49.96
49.98
50
50.02
50.04
25%
50.06
50.08
50.1
50.12
50.14
50%
75%

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 5
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 6
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 7
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 8
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 9
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 10
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 11
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 12
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 13
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 14
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 15
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 16
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 17
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 18
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 19
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 20
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 21
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 22
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 23
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 24
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 25
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 26
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 27
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 28
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 29
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 30
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 31
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 32
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 33
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 34
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 35
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 36
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 37
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 38
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 39
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 40
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 41
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 42
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 43
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 44
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 45
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 46
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 47
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 48
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 49
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 50
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 51
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 52
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 53
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 54
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 55
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 56
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 57
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 58
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 59
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 60
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 61
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 62
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 63
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 64
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 65
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 66
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 67
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 68
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 69
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 70
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 71
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 72
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 73
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 74
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 75
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 76
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 77
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 78
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 79
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 80
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 81
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 82
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 83
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 84
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 85
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 86
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 87
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 88
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 89
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 90
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 91
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 92
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 93
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 94
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 95
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 96
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 97
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 98
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 99
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 100
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070820
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050620
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030420
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010220
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070819
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050619
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030419
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070818
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050618
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030418
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070817
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050617
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030417
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070816
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050616
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030416
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070815
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050615
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030415
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111214
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070814
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050614
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030414
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010214
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com