26 ieee power & energy magazine september/october 2021 Normal Operation Abnormal Conditions Increasing Contingency Sizes Associated With DPV Disconnection Minimum System Load Local Optimization of Load and Storage With DPV Generation Extreme Abnormal Conditions DPV Disturbance Withstand Capability Constraints to Limit Contingency Size Additional Contingency FCAS Constraints, DPVs Withstand Capability to Limit Contingency Size Optimizing Frequency Control Arrangements Increased Interconnection Reducing Likelihood of Islanding FCAS From Batteries Reducing Operational Demand in the Daytime Over-Frequency Droop Response From DPVs and Batteries Emergency Mechanisms Constraints, DPVs Withstand Capability to Limit Contingency Size Increased Interconnection Reducing Likelihood of Islanding Additional Contingency FCAS Transmission Voltage Control Local Optimization of Load and Storage With DPV Generation Transmission Network Reactive Support Local Optimization of Load and Storage With DPV Generation DPV Generation Variability Improved Forecasting Tools DPV Systems Additional Regulation FCAS Optimizing System Flexibility During High DPV Generation Periods Load/Storage System Management Network Additional Stable Load DPV Generation Shedding Discrimination of Distribution Feeders With Reverse Flows Coordinated Response From Batteries During System Restart Autonomous DPV Response During System Restart Precontingent DPV Generation Shedding Load Enablement DPV Generation Shedding figure 9. Measures assisting with the integration of DPV generation in the bulk power system. FCAS: frequency control ancillary services. (Source: AEMO; used with permission.)