IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 29

©SHUTTERSTOCK.COM/URBANS
Essential System
Services
Reform
I
IN 1863, A SINGLE ARC LAMP ON OBSERVATORY
Hill in Sydney, Australia, was lit to celebrate the marriage of
Prince Albert of Wales and Princess Alexandra of Denmark. It
was the first use of electricity anywhere in the country. It took
25 years until Australia established its first permanent 240-V
electrical grid, in the small country town of Tamworth, New
South Wales, in 1888. Two 18-kW, dc, coal-fired generators were
supplied by the plentiful Gunnedah black coal basin nearby, and
in the same year, on the other side of the continent, C.J. Otte
By Niraj Lal, Toby Price, Leon Kwek,
Christopher Wilson, Farhad Billimoria,
Trent Morrow, Matt Garbutt, and Dean Sharafi
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2021.3088959
Date of current version: 19 August 2021
september/october 2021
1540-7977/21©2021IEEE
ieeepower & energy magazine
29
Australian
Market Design
for RenewableDominated
Grids
supplied electricity to the Western Australian Government House
with a small, 15-kW dynamo. By 1899, a full three-phase 240-V
ac grid had been built on the east coast, establishing the foundation
of the future power system across the country.
Then, as today, synchronous coal generators provided the
majority of system services to maintain security and reliability.
These services include the inertia to maintain stable
frequency, system strength to maintain stable voltage waveforms,
and energy reserves to maintain the balance of supply

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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 5
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 6
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 7
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 8
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 9
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 10
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 11
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 12
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 13
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 14
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 17
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 18
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 19
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 20
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 21
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 23
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 25
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 26
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 27
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 28
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 29
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 30
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 31
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 34
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 35
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 36
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 37
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 38
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 39
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 40
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 41
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 42
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 43
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 56
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 57
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 58
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 59
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 60
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 61
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 62
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 63
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 67
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 68
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Cover4
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