IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - 59

feedback. In some instances, REZs have been added, removed,
or combined, based primarily on feedback from generator
developers, transmission companies, and governments.
Although this article focuses on solar and wind resources,
other sources of energy and energy storage were also considered,
including battery storage, hydroelectric power, pumped hydro,
geothermal, gas-powered generation, and coal-fired generation. In
particular, AEMO's modeling found that a combination of energy
storage technologies and durations will help provide the necessary
firming services to ensure that reliability standards are met.
For integrated system planning, which is essentially an
optimization of investments, each REZ is reduced to a series
of characteristics that enable a macroscale system-wide
optimization. While there are many characteristics for each
REZ, they can be broadly grouped into the following areas:
✔ resource quality and diversity
✔ availability of pumped hydro or other long-duration
energy storage
✔ existing capacity of network to host VRE
✔ cost to increase VRE hosting capacity (often including
distinct options that simultaneously increase network
transfer capacity and hosting capacity)
✔ network losses (due to electrical distance to load centers)
✔ locational cost penalty factors (due to road access, remoteness
from ports, and so on).
AEMO publishes scorecards in the ISP to summarize the
positive and negative characteristics of each candidate REZ.
An Integrated Approach
to System Modeling
AEMO's planning approach seeks to deliver the optimal mix
of generation and transmission developments to meet security
and reliability standards with the least cost to consumers.
We begin with the development of a series of credible
global economic and technological development scenarios
that are designed to cover a wide range of potential and credible
Modeled Wind Speed at 150 m AGL (m/s)
345678 910
Solar Global Horizontal Irradiance (kWh/m2)
Satellite-Derived Annual
(a)
Solar Global Horizontal Irradiance (kWh/m2)
1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200
(b)
figure 2. Using (a) wind and (b) solar resource quality to inform potential REZ locations. (Source: DNV GL; used with permission.)
september/october 2021
ieee power & energy magazine
59

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2021 - Cover3
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