IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2016 - 41
From Past Blackouts to Preparedness for the
2016 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games
BRAZILIAN FLAG BACKGROUND- ©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/ ADAMKAZ, NIGHT VIEW OF RIO DE JANEIRO- ©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/ EKATERINA BELOVA, HAND WITH MEDAL-IMAGE LICENSED BY INGRAM PUBLISHING
transmission service providers turned their past experience in system operations, and in particular their
experience in dealing with large scale blackouts, into an effective action plan in preparation for these important international events.
The Brazilian interconnected system began to develop mainly in the 1960s. System planners took advantage
of the country's rivers and heavy rainfall during the wet season to turn the country's electrical sector into a
pioneer in the design of hydroelectric generation and in the development of high-voltage (HV) and extra-highvoltage (EHV) transmission system technology. The electrical grid is divided in five geoelectrical regions, each
of which contains a group of Brazil's states. Table 1 lists the states that compose each geoelectrical region, while
Figure 1 shows geographically how the system is divided.
According to the 2015 Statistical
Yearbook of Electricity published
by the Brazilian planning authority [Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE) in Portuguese], the total
installed generation capacity in
2014 was nearly 134 GW, with the
southeastern and southern regions
contributing 54.5% of the total, as
shown in Table 2.
The total electric energy consumption in 2014 was 475.4 TWh,
which corresponds to a per capita
consumption of 2,335 kWh. The
energy generation in the same year
was 590 TWh. Hydro generation
corresponded to 373 TWh (63.2%
of the total energy generated), while
thermal generation, including oil,
coal, and natural gas, totaled 131
TWh (22.2% of the Brazilian electricity generation mix). Wind generation is being heavily incentivized by
public policies. As a result, there has
been a significant increase in other
renewable energy production over
the years, totaling 12.2 TWh, but it
remains a modest part of Brazil's
energy production (2.1%). Figures 2
and 3 show the Brazilian generation
mix and the generation by geoelectrical region, respectively.
Because of Brazil's heavy dependency on its hydro generation resources, special attention
is devoted to periods of extended
droughts. In these times, the potential generation shortage is made
up by increases in thermoelectric
november/december 2016
ieee power & energy magazine
41
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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2016
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2016 - Cover1
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