IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2019 - 76
Denmark Case Study: Benefits
of Coupling Multiple Sectors
they would require only the costs associated with
their communication infrastructure.
3) WWTP cogeneration resources: WWTPs produce
methane, which can be captured with anaerobic digesters. The biogas is then used to fuel an internal
combustion engine or gas turbine to produce electric
energy. The system may be used to provide operational flexibility services to the grid. Of the approximately 16,000 WTPs in the United States today, about
1,500 employ anaerobic digestion to produce biogas
that is used onsite. Of these, only 133 fuel electric generation, so WWTP cogeneration represents a largely
untapped opportunity to increase flexible resources.
In Denmark, coupling of the electricity and heat sectors has
already been realized for several decades; see the article by
Lew et al. in this issue of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine.
A widespread district heating system, including CHP units
with large heat-storage tanks, facilitates a certain degree of
decoupled production of heat and power. Some electric boilers convert inexpensive excess electricity into heat. The electricity and gas sectors are implicitly coupled via the Danish
transmission system operator Energinet, which is responsible for both systems, thus capturing synergies through their
joint planning.
Operation at a Low/Medium Power Price (e.g., 6,000-7,000 h/year)
(RES) EL (Minimum/Hot Standby),
e.g., (Ancillary Services)
Central Processes
(RES) EL
* Electrolysis (Maximum)
* Thermal Gasification
* Gas/Steam Turbine
* High-Temperature Process Heat
Biomass
HighH2
Temperature
Heat
Biomass
Bio/Electrofuel, e.g., Methane
Potential Infrastructure
Couplings to Clusters
CO2
Operation at a High Power Price (e.g., 1,000-2,000 h/year)
Central Processes
Biomass
(RES) EL (Maximum Production),
e.g., (Peak Load)
* Electrolysis (Minimum)
* Thermal Gasification
* Gas/Steam Turbine
* High-Temperature Process Heat
(RES) Gas
Biomass
Bio/Electrofuel, e.g., Methane
(a)
Simulation of Plant Operation
Power (MW)
800
64
Price
600
48
400
32
200
16
Power
0
-200
0
27 Apr. 28 Apr. 29 Apr. 30 Apr. 1 May
150-MW Solar Park (PV)
140/140-MW Energy Plant (Type 3)
2 May
3 May
4 May
Price (EUR/MWh)
80
1,000
-16
850-MW Offshore Wind Farm
DK1 Electricity Price (EUR/MWh)
(b)
figure 10. The principle of an energy plant and its operation. EL: electricity. (Source: Energinet; used with permission.)
76
ieee power & energy magazine
november/december 2019
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2019
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2019
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2019 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2019 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2019 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2019 - Cover4
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