IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 22

of the underlying demand). During spring 2019, the D-PV
contribution exceeded 50% of the generation in South Australia for 6 h on the minimum "net" system demand day
(Figure 2). Through the past decade, SAPN has observed
a progressive reduction in the minimum demand each year
across the distribution system (Figure 3), and the rate of
the reduction has accelerated, with the minimum demand
falling by ~200 MW between October 2018 and October
2019. As result, the entire distribution network is expected
to be a net source of power during minimum demand periods as early as spring 2020 (September-November), while
AEMO is projecting periods of zero net demand across all
of South Australia by 2024-2025 in some scenarios. This

has implications for distribution system operation as well
as for maintaining system security, considering that South
Australia often obtains inertia, frequency control ancillary
services, and system strength support through its ac interconnection with Victoria. System security challenges are
considered in the following, and additional details can be
found in "Renewable Integration Study Stage 1-Appendix A: High Penetrations of Distributed Solar PV" in the
"For Further Reading" section.

The Evolution of DER Impacts
Significant volumes of DERs present challenges and opportunities across the grid, requiring changes to forecasting,

NEM D-PV Capacity (GW)

10
9

Current Standard - Current Inverter Connection Standard
Applies (Post-October 2016)
Legacy Standard - Legacy Inverter Connection Standard
Applies (Pre-October 2015)

8
7
6
5
4
3

Queensland

2

35%
D-PV Penetration

1
0
2001-2013 2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

10.1 GW
Peak Demand

South Australia
35%
3.2 GW
D-PV Penetration Peak Demand New South Wales
20%
13.8 GW
D-PV Penetration Peak Demand

Tasmania
Victoria
18%
9.3 GW
D-PV Penetration Peak Demand

15%
D-PV Penetration
1.7 GW
Peak Demand

figure 1. The Australian NEM regions. The penetration percentages indicate the proportion of stand-alone households
with D-PV generation. The graph shows the D-PV uptake and the installed generation volume according to "legacy" (pre2015) and "current" (post-2016) inverter interconnection standards across NEM. Note that Australian and New Zealand
Standard AS/NZS4777.2:2015 for inverters is currently under review.
22	

ieee power & energy magazine	

november/december 2020



IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 5
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 6
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 7
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 8
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 9
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 10
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 11
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 12
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 13
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 14
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 15
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 16
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 17
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 18
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 19
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 20
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 21
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 22
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 23
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 24
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 25
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 26
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 27
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 28
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 29
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 30
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 31
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 32
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 33
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 34
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 35
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 36
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 37
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 38
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 39
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 40
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 41
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 42
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 43
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 44
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 45
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 46
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 47
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 48
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 49
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 50
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 51
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 52
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 53
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 54
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 55
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 56
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 57
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 58
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 59
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 60
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 61
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 62
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 63
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 64
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 65
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 66
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 67
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 68
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 69
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 70
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 71
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 72
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 73
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 74
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 75
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 76
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 77
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 78
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 79
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 80
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 81
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 82
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 83
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 84
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 85
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 86
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 87
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 88
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 89
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 90
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 91
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 92
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 93
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 94
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 95
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 96
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 97
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 98
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 99
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 100
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 101
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 102
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 103
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 104
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 105
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 106
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 107
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 108
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 109
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 110
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 111
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 112
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070820
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050620
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030420
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010220
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070819
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050619
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030419
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070818
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050618
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030418
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070817
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050617
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030417
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070816
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050616
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030416
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070815
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050615
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030415
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111214
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070814
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050614
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030414
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010214
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com