IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 25

connection must be no greater
than 253 V, and the first-percentile voltage (V1%) must be
no lower than 216 V. Data from
approximately 25,000 monitors
across Queensland show that the
distribution of the V1% measured
at the distribution transformers appears quite high compared
with the lower limit of 216 V. This
margin is required to enable voltage drops to customers at the end
of the LV network. Voltage data
from a significantly smaller quantity of roughly 4,000 LV monitors,
typically installed near the end
of LV circuits (Figure 6), demonstrate a much lower V1% for
customers that are distant from
the distribution transformer. The
average customer's voltage distribution in Queensland is likely to
sit in a narrower range than the
one shown in Figure 6, which is
illustrative of points at the end of
the LV network. Given the limited
LV network visibility, the samples
in Figures 6 and 7 are not representative of population-wide voltage conditions.

c

Approximate Thermal Limit

300

a

Demand (kW)

200
100
0
-100
-200

b

-300 Approximate Thermal Limit

d

Underlying Demand
Demand After D-PVs and BESSs

Number of Sites

17
y

100
253 V (Nominal +10%)
90
94.9% of
V99% ≤253 V 80

230 V (Nominal)

450
V01%
V50% (Median)
V99%

350

ar
nu

Demand After D-PVs
Modeled VPP Export Event

figure 5. The South Australian Salisbury battery trial. a The existing thermal limit
challenges during peak demand (orange). b The existing voltage challenges, with
high D-PV exports (green). c The reduced peak demand, with batteries, and the
observed peak during a VPP charging event (purple). d The modeled emerging
VPP-driven thermal limit challenges during VPP export events (dashed). For further
details, please refer to "Low-Voltage Management Business Case" in the "For
Further Reading" section.

216 V (Nominal -6%)

400

20

17
Ja
14

13

Ja

nu

ar

y

20

17
ar

y

20

17
nu
Ja
12

11

Ja

nu

ar

y

20

17
20
y
ar
nu

Ja
10

9

8

Ja

Ja

nu

nu

ar

ar

y

y

20

20

17

17

-400

84.5% of
V50% ≤244 V

70

300

60

250

50

200

40

150

30

100

20

0.7% of
V01% ≤216 V

50

Cumulative Percentage of Sites

500

400

10

0
260

258

256

254

252

250

248

246

244

242

240

238

236

234

232

230

228

226

224

222

220

218

216

0
Voltage

figure 6. Voltage measurements for the LV monitoring of Energex networks in spring (November) 2019. The data are from
~4,000 LV monitors (out of approximately 150,000 LV networks in Queensland). For further details, please refer to "Distribution Annual Planning Report" in the "For Further Reading" section. V50%: 50th voltage percentile.
november/december 2020	

ieee power & energy magazine 	

25



IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - Cover3
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