november/december 2020 ieee power & energy magazine 29 No LV Regulator Yes Isolated to One Radial or Customer? No Distributed Installation of Shunt Solutions (e.g., STATCOMs, Stepped Capacitators, and BESSs) No Yes Traditional No Widespread Installation of VRDTs, Regulators, STATCOMS, and BESSs Use Optimal Incremental Pricing to Seek Non-Network Solutions Reconductor: Split 11-kV Feeder and/or Install MV Regulator MV Augmentation Install MV Regulator (or Split Zone Subbus and Regulate Separately) VRDT With LDC Yes Yes Nonnetwork Reverse Power Likely to Exceed 50% (?) of Peak Load? No Traditional or Nonnetwork Solutions Cost Effective? Yes Matched 11-kV Load Profile? figure 12. Current and potential voltage management options framework. Note: X/R is the ratio of the source reactance to the source resistance. VRDT: voltage-regulation distribution transformer. Reactive Shunt Solution (eg., LV STATCOMs or Stepped LV Capacitors) Upgrade Transformer and Reconductor or Split LV and Install Extra Distribution Transformer High X/R? (See Note 1) VRDT Rebalance LV Network Yes No LV Augmentation No No No Set to Recommended Tap Position MV Feeder Level: Affecting Multiple LV Circuits, Usually Toward End of Feeder Yes Traditional Solution Practical/Cost Effective? Yes Matched LV Load Profile? Yes Loads and PV Balanced Across Phases? Yes Transformer on Recommended Tap? Local: Affecting a Single LV Circuit What Is the Extent of the Problem?