IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020 - 90

measures-to mitigate hazards such as fire, explosion, and
the retention of toxic gases and liquids.
Efficient safety testing and evaluation of grid-scale BESSs
in accordance with the aforementioned standards is a key part

of the development process for new systems. Typically, test
facilities are outfitted for battery module or rack-level propagation studies. Figure 2 shows an example of a unique indoor
test facility for a complete system at the National Laboratory

table 2. Installation and postinstallation codes and standards.
Installation and Commissioning
Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage
Systems

NFPA 855

Transportation Testing for Lithium Batteries

UN 38.3

Safety of Primary and Secondary Lithium Cells and Batteries
During Transport

IEC 62281

Standard for Competency of Third-Party Field Evaluation
Bodies

NFPA 790

Standards for Securing Power System Communications

IEC 62351

Fire suppression

NFPA 1, NFPA 13, NFPA 15, NFPA 101, NFPA 850, NFPA 851,
NFPA 853, NFPA 5000, International Building Code (IBC), IFC, and
state and local codes

Ventilation and thermal management of batteries for
stationary applications

IEEE/ASHRAE 1635, IMC, UMC, and state and local codes

Egress/access/illumination (operating and emergency),
physical security, fire department access, fire and smoke
detection/containment

NFPA 1, NFPA 101, NFPA 5000, IBC, IFC, and state and local
codes

Buildings, enclosures, and protection from the elements

IEC 60529, UL 96A, NFPA 5000, IBC, and state and local codes

Signage

ANSI Z535, IEEE C-2, NFPA 1, NFPA 70E, NFPA 101, NFPA
5000, IBC, IFC, and state and local codes

Emergency shutoff

IEEE C-2, NFPA 1, NFPA 101, NFPA 5000, IBC, IFC, and state
and local codes

Spill containment, neutralization, and disposal

NFPA 1, IPC, UPC, IFC, IEEE 1578, and state and local codes

Electrical safety

IEEE C-2 (National Electrical Safety Code), NFPA 70E, FM Global
DS 5-10, DS 5-1, and DC 5-19

Communication Networks and Systems for Power Utility
Automation

IEC 61850

Seismic requirements, design, and testing

IBC, California Building Code, IEEE 693, ACI 318-05, and ACSE 7-10

Standard for Commissioning of Fire Protection and Life Safety
Systems

NFPA 3

Standard for Commissioning

ICC 1000

Operations and Maintenance
Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace

NFPA 70E

Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance

NFPA 70B

Hazardous Materials Code

NFPA 400

Incident Preparedness
IEEE Guide for Substation Fire Protection

IEEE 979

Guide to the Fire Safety Concepts Tree

NFPA 550

Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of
Materials for Emergency Response

NFPA 704

Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations

NPFA 921

IFC: International Fire Code; IMC: International Mechanical Code; UMC: Uniform Mechanical Code; ASHRAE: American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers; ICC: International Code Council.
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november/december 2020
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2020

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