IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2021 - 48

5 in Table 2), but they apply to a single simulated example.
Generalizable design methods and standards are required
to guarantee stability across all credible events and systems.
This global applicability is at the core of the G-PST
research agenda, although local adaptation will almost
always be required.
To Be Synchronous or Nonsynchronous:
That Is the Question
With increasing IBR penetrations, the underlying nature of the
power system is changing from one based largely on a synchronous
paradigm to one based on a nonsynchronous one. These
changes will limit the applicability of some existing tools and
1,000
800
600
400
200
200
100
-100
-200
-300
-400
012 34 5
Time (s)
(a)
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
012 3
Time (s)
(c)
PV
Wind
Statcom
T-Line
45
70
68
66
64
62
60
58
012 34 5
Time (s)
(b)
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 3
012 34 5
Time (s)
(d)
Pgen = 2,400 MW
(e)
figure 1. A 100%-IBR test system response to a fault with varying PV-plant inverter-level voltage control. (a) and (b)
represent active and reactive power, respectively, on the transmission line, (c) the sending end voltage magnitude, (d)
the phase locked loop frequency, and (e) a schematic of the test system. p.u.: per unit.
48
ieee power & energy magazine
november/december 2021
Root-Mean-Square
Voltage Magnitude (p.u.)
Active Power (MW)
Phase-Locked
Loop Frequency (Hz)
Reactive Power (Mvar)
1,000 MW
300 mi

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2021

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