IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2021 - 98

Inspired by the example from Hamburg,
Frederiksberg Municipality set out to
solve this problem and constructed
the first primitive waste incineration
plant in Denmark. Inaugurated in 1903,
this waste incineration plant produced
heat and electricity. Horse-drawn carriages
transported the household waste to
the waste incineration plant. Via tunnels
and in the form of steam, heat from the
incinerator was transported to a newly
established hospital, an orphanage, and a
house for the poor nearby (Figures 1-3).
Throughout the country, this first
primitive CHP plant proved inspirational.
Fuel import dependency and experiences
of energy resource scarcity during
World War I called for energy efficiency
initiatives and motivated the integration
of CHP plants into the energy system.
Power plants throughout Denmark were
District Heating: Energy Efficiency, Energy Flexibility,
and Fuel Diversification
The fundamental idea of district heating is to harvest otherwise wasted heat from
the production of power in CHP plants and from other industries. District heating
systems enable the integration of various energy sources into the energy system,
for example, renewables such as wind, solar, and biomass supply energy, as well
as relatively low-quality fuels such as household waste. District heating systems
enable short-term (daily) and long-term (seasonal) thermal energy storage. The
technical solutions, combinations, and fuel usage in individual district heating
systems can be adapted to specific local contexts and the locally available fuel
resources. These characteristics may improve energy systems efficiency overall
and facilitate the energy flexibility necessary for the integration of more intermittent
renewable energy resources into the energy system.
due for renovation in the 1920s, and many
municipalities converted their power
plants to CHP plants that provided heat
for dwellings or institutions close by.
From the early days, the Danish cooperative
movement from the agricultural
sector found new footing within
the growing energy sector. Seeking to
figure 1. The incineration plant, 1903. (Source: Frederiksberg Forsyning; used with permission.)
98
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2021

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