IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Grid Edge 2023 - 49

TE systems have clear advantages over more common
smart grid coordination, such as price reactive systems
and centralized optimization.
PowerMatcher Field Experiences
an overview of accomplishments in field trials can be found
in table 1.
Couperus Smart Grid, 2011-2015
the couperus building in the large the Hague suburb of
ypenburg, the netherlands, includes an apartment tower of
more than 70 m (figure 9). each of the approximately 300
apartments in the tower has an individual heat pump feeding
low-temperature floor heating and a heat storage tank containing
hot tap water. the couperus smart grid project tested the
ability of these heat pumps to 1) integrate wind energy through
imbalance reduction and 2) capacity management (peak shaving)
on the local low-to-medium voltage substation. in the
first case, the heat pumps reacted, through the use of PowerMatcher's
electronic market, to the unexpected over- or underproduction
of a nearby wind farm. the so-called imbalance of
the wind farm, i.e., the difference between its day-ahead forecast
and the actual production, was used as a real-time control
objective. in the european electricity wholesale markets, these
imbalances generally lead to less revenue for the wind farm
owner. thus, reducing imbalance creates value for renewable
generators. Simultaneously, the heat pump flexibility was used
for congestion management in the local distribution grid.
each heat pump is represented by an intelligent control
agent that delivers the pump's operational flexibility to the
electronic market under the condition that it controls the
apartment's inner temperature within a temperature band of
0.8 °c around the user set point. in this way, the comfort of
the residents is always the first priority: if a resident wants a
figure 8. Orthogonal multiobjective optimization using transactional control and coordination. The intelligent system at
the customer's premises delivers the available flexibility in two directions.
may/june 2016
ieee power & energy magazine
49

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Grid Edge 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Grid Edge 2023

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Grid Edge 2023 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Grid Edge 2023 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Grid Edge 2023 - Contents
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