IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - 79

tabla 1. Las aplicaciones avanzadas existentes que la industria está adoptando actualmente, las aplicaciones
que serán pertinentes en el futuro cercano y las aplicaciones futuras a largo plazo (continuación).
Principales requerimientos y características

Aplicación

Modelo de
red

Dirección de la
comunicación

● No
● Simple
● Total

●
●
●
●

No
Unidireccional
Bidireccional
Entre pares

Ubicación de la
inteligencia

Análisis
avanzado

Otros comentarios

● Centralizada
● Distribuida
● Local

● Tipo 1
● Tipo 2
● Tipo 3

E: entrada (mediciones)*
S: salida (decisiones y controles)

Equipo proactivo
y recursos de
restablecimiento móvil
para la resistencia

●

●

●/●

●

E: datos meteorológicos, curvas de
fragilidad y red de transporte
S: camino y plan de despacho de
recursos

Inteligencia híbrida
centralizada y
distribuida (facilitador)

●

●

●

●

E: datos locales y/o posteriores
S: señales de control de P, Q y V

Conciencia sobre una
situación basada en
datos después del
desastre

●

●/●

●/●

●

Calidad de datos y
consistencia de los
datos (facilitador)

●/●

●/●

●/●

●

E: datos meteorológicos, curvas de
fragilidad y estado del equipo en
tiempo real
S: modelo de red posterior al
desastre
E: flujo de datos (AMI y DERMS)
S: inconsistencias de los datos

Toma de decisiones
autónoma (facilitador)

●/●

●/●

●/●

●

E: mediciones locales de P, Q y V
S: señales de control de P, Q y V

* Además de conocer el estado de los dispositivos controlados.
/: indica que la aplicación correspondiente puede usar cualquiera de las opciones separadas por un /; AMI: infraestructura de
medición avanzada; DERMS: sistema de gestión de fuentes de energía distribuida; DLC: control de carga directa;
P: potencia activa; PoC: punto de conexión; Q: potencia reactiva; SA: conciencia sobre una situación; FED S: potencia
compleja de FED; Flujo S: flujo de potencia complejo; Carga S: demanda de carga compleja; V: tensión.

activo. Con la complejidad y la heterogeneidad adicionales
de los activos proactivos y controlables, los métodos de control locales y basados en reglas pueden volverse ineficientes
o incluso inadecuados. Es aquí donde pueden ser beneficiosos los métodos centralizados de optimización y control
basados en modelos para una variedad de aplicaciones de
sistemas de distribución. La disponibilidad de modelos de
red, datos en tiempo real, capacidades de control remoto y
análisis avanzados son los facilitadores clave para las aplicaciones de la etapa 2. Sin embargo, estos análisis avanzados
pueden incluir modelos no lineales y el uso de técnicas de
optimización, como los métodos de flujo de potencia óptimo
(FPO). El requerimiento de potencia computacional adicional y la necesidad de formulaciones de problemas escalables
(p. ej., usando la linealización) son los principales desafíos
en la adopción de estas aplicaciones.

Etapa 3: Aplicaciones de largo plazo
Finalmente, imaginamos aplicaciones que se espera que
estén listas para las empresas de distribución dentro de los
próximos cinco a 10 años. Estas aplicaciones están impulsadas en gran medida por la necesidad de una mayor resistencia en el sistema desde una perspectiva de todos los peligros.
Esto abarca la resistencia ante desastres naturales, probleenero/febrero 2020	

mas con datos o problemas cibernéticos y la falla de un solo
punto de un sistema de control centralizado (lo cual se busca
principalmente en aplicaciones de la etapa 2). En el futuro, el
sistema de distribución será una red autónoma, con una mezcla de la jerarquía de control, un gran número de unidades
de control y mediciones remotas vulnerables y un flujo de
datos en tiempo real heterogéneo y redundante. Para hacer
frente a un posible aumento en la frecuencia y la gravedad
de los desastres naturales, se espera que las medidas proactivas de operación y planificación garanticen un suministro
de energía ininterrumpido. Las aplicaciones de largo plazo
detalladas en la Tabla 1 son conceptos tempranos de investigación y buscan mitigar estos desafíos a futuro. Es probable
que los principales impulsores de estas aplicaciones sean los
conceptos y métodos de áreas relacionadas con la informática y las ciencias de redes.
Este análisis se enfoca en aplicaciones de DMS avanzadas para la gestión y operación del sistema. No incluimos
aplicaciones que se encuentran disponibles tradicionalmente
en los DMS, como las funciones de análisis de red (cortocircuito/flujo de potencia), monitoreo de datos del control de
supervisión y adquisición de datos (SCADA, por sus siglas
en inglés), y procesamiento de alarmas. Tampoco incluimos
aplicaciones actuales o futuras que gestionen y coordinen los
ieee power & energy magazine	

79



IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020

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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - Cover1
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