IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2021 - 108

cas en la ciudad de Nueva York a fines
de 1881.
Un informe del Departamento de
Obras Públicas, fechado
el 31 de diciembre de
1881, afirmaba que " las
lámparas eléctricas que
se utilizan actualmente
se han mantenido encendidas con gran regularidad y han mostrado
una notable estabilidad
o ausencia de oscilaciones o parpadeos " . El
informe también mencionó que había 23,466
lámparas de gas en uso
en calles y otras áreas
públicas, sin comentar sobre ellas. El éxito del sistema de
Nueva York dio a la iluminación de
tipo arco de Brush una ventaja competitiva. En el periodo 1881-1885, Brush
Electric duplicó anualmente su producción de lámparas de arco hasta que, en
1885, la empresa estaba produciendo 16
veces más luces de arco que en 1881.
Había sistemas de iluminación de arco
de 15 fabricantes en uso en la ciudad

lámparas en funcionamiento, sin costo para la ciudad durante cinco meses.
Entonces, la ciudad decidió que " habiendo resultado satisfactoria la iluminación,
y la Compañía hizo una
ventajosa oferta para
iluminar determinadas
calles y lugares públicos, los funcionarios
designados en el estatuto para hacer contratos para el alumbrado
de calles públicas hicieron un contrato con
esta Compañía para el
suministro de luz eléctrica por once meses, a
partir del 1 de junio de
1881 " , a un costo estimado levemente
menor al de las lámparas de gas desplazadas. El contrato incluía Broadway
y la Quinta Avenida entre la Calle 14 y
la Calle 34, la Calle 14 entre la Cuarta
Avenida y la Quinta Avenida, la Calle
34 entre la Quinta Avenida y Broadway, Union Square y Madison Square.
Había 55 lámparas de arco de Brush
iluminando calles y otras áreas públi-

Fuera de la
electricidad, las
contribuciones
de Brush como
científico no
resistieron
el paso del
tiempo.

700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

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figura 9. El número de estaciones centrales que utilizan equipos de los principales fabricantes en los Estados Unidos en 1891.
108	

ieee power & energy magazine	

de Nueva York en 1891, pero había más
lámparas de arco Brush instaladas que
cualquier otra marca (figura 8). No
obstante, Brush Electric había dejado
de existir como corporación independiente dos años antes.

Competencia
El sistema de iluminación de tipo arco
Brush tenía muy poca competencia en
los Estados Unidos cuando se introdujo
comercialmente en 1878. En 1881, había aproximadamente 5,000 luces de
arco Brush encendidas en los Estados
Unidos, lo que representaba entre el 75
% y el 80 % del total. En Londres, en
1881, los sistemas de iluminación de
tipo arco rivales de Anglo-American
Brush y Siemens Brothers (Londres) se
probaron durante un año en las calles
de dos distritos separados. Al final del
periodo, el Comité de Calles decidió
continuar iluminando los dos distritos
un año más. La empresa Brush acordó
iluminar su distrito por £ 800. La oferta de Siemens para iluminar su distrito
por £ 3,600 fue rechazada.
En 1885, había aproximadamente
96,000 luces de arco en uso en los Estados Unidos, y las lámparas Brush constituían la mayor parte. En 1888, había
21 fabricantes que ofrecían sistemas de
iluminación eléctrica en Estados Unidos. Un campo tan abarrotado ofrecía
amplias oportunidades para que los
fuertes se tragaran a los más débiles.
Para entonces, Brush Electric era vulnerable. Sufría de varias debilidades.
Primero, no había ningún equipo de
investigación y desarrollo. La innovación se detuvo cuando Brush dejó de
inventar. En segundo lugar, las patentes
de Brush no impidieron que los competidores comercializaran sistemas de
iluminación de arco inferiores y superiores después de que Brush Electric
abrió el camino. En tercer lugar, Stockly percibió la amenaza potencial de la
competencia ya en 1882, cuando no había una oposición seria, pero omitió la
diligencia debida al tratar de abordarla.
Un rival potencial era American
Electric, con el principal activo de
Elihu Thomson, inventor de su propio
sistema de iluminación de arco. Thomenero/febrero 2021



IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2021

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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2021 - Cover1
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