IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2021 - 24
Mercados para una
descarbonización eficiente
Por Carlos Batlle, Pablo Rodilla y
Paolo Mastropietro
E
EN LA DÉCADA DE 1980, ALGUNOS TRABAJOS FUNDAMENTALES COMO MERcados de energía: análisis de la desregulación de los servicios eléctricos de Joskow y Schmalensee, y Tarificación actual de la electricidad de Schweppe et al. establecieron las bases
para la reestructuración del sistema eléctrico hacia un entorno de mercado completamente
liberalizado y basado en precios marginales donde negocian las generadoras y los consumidores. Ya entonces era evidente que la tarea no iba a ser fácil, pero una parte
cada vez mayor y siempre importante de la industria y la comunidad
académica pensaba que, al menos, era posible. Más de tres
décadas después de que se implementaran los primeros mercados de energía, toda la " comunidad del sector eléctrico " continúa
discutiendo la pertinencia de confiar en los precios de mercado
a corto plazo como una señal
eficiente para impulsar las
inversiones, especialmente
en el contexto actual en que
no solo los generadores tradicionales sino también los
consumidores pueden decidir
invertir en fuentes de suministro
de energía, y una cantidad creciente
de nuevas inversiones en generación tienen costos variables nulos o casi nulos, lo
que algunos ven como una amenaza para el
paradigma de los mercados a corto plazo.
En este artículo, discutimos las razones tras la
implementación generalizada de mecanismos normativos de mercados a largo plazo, como mecanismos de capacidad o licitaciones de contratos para el suministro de energías renovables, almacenamiento o respuesta a la demanda.
A raíz de lo anterior, sostenemos que en el contexto actual
(e incluso más en el futuro), en lugar de discutir la pertinencia de confiar en alguna clase de mecanismo normativo
de mercado o pseudomercado que ofrezca señales a largo
Identificador de Objeto Digital 10.1109/MPE.2020.3033393
Fecha de la versión actual: 6 de enero de 2021
24
ieee power & energy magazine
1540-7977/21©2021IEEE
enero/febrero 2021
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2021
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2021
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2021 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2021 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2021 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2021 - Cover4
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