IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 101

Red principal
Línea 1
(25 MW,
10 km)
Línea 2
(25 MW,
10 km)
Línea 3
(25 MW,
20 km)
Área A
Línea 4
(25 MW,
20 km)
FED
G
FV BES FER
G
FED
FER
Línea 5
(50 MW,
10 km)
Línea 6
(50 MW,
10 km)
Área B
figura 8. La posible red de electricidad y FED junto con áreas expuestas a incendios. BES: almacenamiento de energía
por baterías.
que cooptimiza ambas. En escalas de tiempo operativas, el
modelo determina el funcionamiento óptimo del sistema de
distribución con FED, como compras de la red principal y
el control topológico. Por lo tanto, el modelo de optimización
puede identificar medidas preventivas y correctivas
para proteger el sistema de distribución contra posibles interrupciones
originadas por incendios. El modelo optimiza el
siguiente conjunto de decisiones:
✔ Medidas preventivas: inversiones en equipos de FED
como centrales de almacenamiento, generación de reserva
e inversiones en la red. El modelo también encuentra
el volumen óptimo de respuesta a la demanda
contratada. Estas medidas se llevan a cabo de manera
anticipada, antes de la contingencia, y de esa forma
están presentes en todos los escenarios.
✔ Medidas correctivas: estas medidas dependen de la
contingencia específica y del escenario. Mostramos
dos tipos de medidas correctivas, rápidas y lentas:
* Rápidas: se refiere al funcionamiento del sistema
de distribución, como las restricciones de demanda
y un funcionamiento (inteligente) de los activos del
sistema (control
topológico y FED despachables).
Estas medidas pueden tomarse inmediatamente después
de que se presente una contingencia.
* Lentas: instalación y despacho de FED móviles. Estas
medidas tienen una demora asociada a la llegada
de los equipos móviles.
El modelo de optimización propuesto es probabilístico,
minimizando los costos esperados (como el costo de la
enero/febrero 2022
inversión, el funcionamiento y la energía no suministrada,
y eventualmente, una métrica para reflejar la aversión al
riesgo). También considera la ocurrencia de varios escenarios
(cada uno con una probabilidad) en forma de un conjunto
integral de interrupciones del sistema, como aquellas
desencadenadas por los incendios. Cabe señalar que en el
caso de un incendio, la probabilidad de que haya interrupciones
simultáneas se vuelve más alta, dado que un solo
brote de incendio puede afectar varias partes de los equipos
del sistema. En este punto, los mapas de probabilidad
de ignición como el de la figura 6 (y otros índices de riesgos
asociados con incendios que se analizaron anteriormente)
tabla 1. Probabilidades de escenarios sin y
con el riesgo de incendios.
Probabilidades
Sistema intacto 9.84E-01
1.62E-02
Todas las fallas
de N-1
Todas las fallas
de N-2, salvo
L5-6
Doble falla
de L5-6
Todas las fallas
más allá de N-2
1.03E-04
7.38E-06
4.05E-07
Independientes Dependientes Variación
−1 %
−1 %
9.76E-01
1.60E-02
1.03E-04
8.16E-03
4.02E-07
−1 %
110404 %
−1 %
ieee power & energy magazine
101

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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