IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 112
del disco D en la figura 9 [de la patente]
será sincrónico con el de la armadura
A " . En otras palabras, el disco asume
aquella posición en la que la reluctancia
del circuito magnético se reduce al
mínimo, siendo el disco sincrónico con
la armadura. Lo que Tesla describe no
es un motor de inducción. Es un motor
de reluctancia.
En
cambio,
con
el documento
US382279 la situación es diferente.
Tesla describe, en la página 1, línea 32,
" He descubierto que se pueden obtener
resultados favorables en este sistema
utilizando el desplazamiento de los
polos principalmente para establecer
corrientes en un conductor cerrado situado
dentro de la influencia del campo
del motor, de modo que la rotación
pueda surgir de la reacción de dichas
corrientes sobre el campo " . Por la razón
que sea, Tesla se ha dado cuenta
por fin de que lo que debería patentar
es un motor de inducción (y no un
motor de reluctancia). Tesla hace referencia
a las figuras 3 y 4 de la patente
(figura 9 en este artículo). Finalmente,
vemos que se trata de una patente para
un motor de inducción aunque Tesla no
utilice la frase " motor de inducción " .
Además, debemos observar la forma
de panqueque del motor en la figura 4
de la patente (mitad inferior de la figura
9 de este artículo). No se trata de un
diseño que hoy reconoceríamos como
motor de inducción, pero sí cumple los
requerimientos mínimos.
Por lo tanto, observamos que el motor
de Tesla es una forma rudimentaria
de motor de inducción. Con todo, Tesla
ha resuelto el problema de diseñar un
motor de CA de arranque automático
y que no utilice un conmutador. Pero
habrá que trabajar mucho más para
que el motor de inducción entre en el
siglo XX.
figura 10. Un diagrama de conexión del sistema Telluride. El generador
síncrono está a la izquierda con el motor síncrono prácticamente idéntico a
la derecha. Obsérvese el pequeño motor de Tesla utilizado para el arranque.
(Fuente: C.F. Scott, AIEE Transactions, vol. 9, n.º 1, pág. 431, ene. de 1892).
Desarrollo en
Westinghouse y
General Electric
Westinghouse compró las patentes de
Tesla en marzo de 1888. Como parte
del acuerdo, Tesla fue a la central de
Westinghouse en Pittsburgh para trabajar
durante un año con miembros
del personal de ingeniería de Westinghouse.
En un principio, era Charles
Scott, que se había incorporado a Westinghouse
en 1888 tras graduarse en
electricidad aplicada en la Universidad
Johns Hopkins. Pronto le ayudó Benjamin
Lamme, graduado en la Universidad
Estatal de Ohio en 1888 con el
título de ingeniero mecánico. Lamme
se incorporó a Westinghouse en la primavera
de 1889.
La intención era llevar las patentes
figura 11. Un motor síncrono similar al utilizado en Telluride. En este caso, se utiliza
un motor de corriente continua para el arranque. Si se tratara de un alternador,
se podría utilizar la misma configuración para sincronizarlo con el nodo. (Fuente:
International Library of Technology, Scranton, Pennsylvania, págs. 18-8, 1905).
112
ieee power & energy magazine
de Tesla a un punto en el que estuvieran
listas para el mercado comercial. Los
resultados de estos primeros trabajos
fueron en su mayoría negativos. Resultó
que el par de torsión inicial del motor
Tesla era muy bajo y, por lo tanto,
enero/febrero 2022
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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