IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 113

no era apto para la tracción. En aquella
época, el uso del tranvía se estaba convirtiendo
en una industria en auge, y
Westinghouse esperaba utilizar el motor
de inducción para sacar provecho
de esta lucrativa industria. Sin embargo,
se abandonó el trabajo del motor de
inducción durante un tiempo en 1890,
en gran parte porque no se disponía de
circuitos de alimentación adecuados,
ya que todos los circuitos de Westinghouse
eran de 133 Hz y monofásicos.
Más tarde se descubrió que añadiendo
una resistencia al secundario del motor
se conseguía un mayor par de torsión
inicial. Así, el motor arrancaría desde
la posición de parada mientras está conectado
a su carga. La desventaja de
esta solución era que se necesitaba un
medio para desconectar la resistencia
y hacer funcionar el motor después de
que alcanzara la velocidad.
Debido a los problemas de par de
torsión del motor Tesla, Westing house
utilizó un motor síncrono en 1891
en su mina Gold King de Telluride,
Colorado. Este hecho puede resultar
sorprendente para algunos. La historia
popular suele presentar hechos
diferentes. Por ejemplo, en Empires of
Light, el autor dice: " El proyecto Telluride
de Westinghouse fue el campo
de pruebas del motor de CA de Tesla.
En la fábrica, la electricidad se redujo
para alimentar un motor Tesla monofásico
de 100 hp. El robusto motor
zumbaba sin cesar " . Esto no es cierto.
El motor de 100 hp era un motor
síncrono monofásico y, como tal, no
arrancaba por sí mismo. Utilizaba un
pequeño motor Tesla para alcanzar la
velocidad de sincronización.
Tanto Charles Scott, que fue el ingeniero
eléctrico del proyecto, como
P.N. Nunn, el hermano de L.L. Nunn,
el principal inversionista del proyecto,
han escrito sobre el tema. En el artículo
de Scott en AIEE Transactions de
1892, " Long Distance Transmission for
Lighting and Power " (Transmisión a
larga distancia para la iluminación y la
potencia), dice que, " el motor principal
era un alternador que funcionaba como
un motor... había un pequeño motor
de arranque que solo se utilizaba para
llevar el motor principal a la velocidad
sincrónica " . En el diagrama del sistema
que aparece en el artículo (figuras 10
y 11 de este artículo) se muestra el pequeño
motor Tesla montado junto al
motor síncrono. El sistema era monofásico,
por lo que no había campo magnético
giratorio, y por lo tanto el motor de
inducción de Tesla no funcionaría aquí.
Pero P.N. Nunn explica cómo podría
funcionar.
En el artículo de P.N. Nunn de
figura 12. Un estator de motor de
inducción a principios del siglo XX.
Los bobinados primarios ya no se concentran
en los polos salientes, como
ocurría en las patentes de Tesla, tal
como se muestra en la figura 9. Ahora
los bobinados están distribuidos en
varias ranuras alrededor de la circunferencia
del estator. (Fuente: International
Library of Technology, Scranton,
Pennsylvania, págs. 19-32, 1905).
enero/febrero 2022
1905 en Cassier's Magazine, dice
que el motor principal fue llevado a
la velocidad sincrónica por un motor
de arranque de inducción monofásico,
que recibió su corriente a plena tensión
en línea. La corriente absorbida
era superior a la corriente de plena
carga del motor principal. Este motor
de arranque requería que se pusiera
en marcha a mano, ya que su par de
torsión era cero en el momento del
arranque y era tan débil a bajas velocidades
que, cuando estaba frío, solo
se podía conseguir que la correa y la
polea suelta se pusieran en marcha
con mucha dificultad. Tampoco podía
arrancar el motor principal sin ayuda,
e incluso entonces se calentaba tanto
que solía quemarse.
En 1891, tras una considerable experiencia
con los bobinados distribuidos,
Lamme llegó a la conclusión de que los
problemas del motor Tesla se debían
a la disposición magnética del campo
primario. Sus cifras aproximadas indicaban
que un primario embobinado
de forma distribuida con bobinas que
figura 13. Un motor de inducción
Westinghouse alrededor de 1893. El
rotor es el primario y, como tal, la
potencia se transmite a los anillos colectores.
El secundario está conectado
a las resistencias iniciales para controlar
la irrupción. Cuando el motor
adquiere velocidad, la palanca, justo
a la izquierda del ojo, se utiliza para
desconectar estas resistencias. (Fuente:
B.G. Lamme, An Autobiography (Una
autobiografía), pág. 82, 1926).
figura 14. Un rotor de jaula de ardilla
alrededor de 1900. La resistencia
externa seguiría siendo necesaria para
reducir la corriente inicial. Por lo general,
se añadía al circuito del estator,
pero en algunos casos se patentaron
ingeniosos dispositivos para cambiar
la resistencia que se montaba en el
rotor. Aquí vemos barras de cobre
aisladas (b) conectadas en el extremo
mediante un pesado anillo de cobre
(r). (Fuente: International Library of
Technology, Scranton, Pennsylvania,
págs. 19-35, 1905).
ieee power & energy magazine
113

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 5
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 6
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 7
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 8
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 9
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 10
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 11
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 12
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 13
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 14
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 15
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 16
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 17
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 18
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 19
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 20
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 21
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 22
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 23
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 24
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 25
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 26
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 27
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 28
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 29
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 30
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 31
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 32
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 33
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 34
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 35
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 36
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 37
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 38
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 39
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 40
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 41
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 42
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 43
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 44
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 45
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 46
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 47
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 48
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 49
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 50
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 51
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 52
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 53
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 54
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 55
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 56
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 57
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 58
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 59
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 60
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 61
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 62
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 63
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 64
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 65
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 66
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 67
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 68
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 69
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 70
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 71
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 72
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 73
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 74
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 75
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 76
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 77
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 78
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 79
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 80
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 81
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 82
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 83
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 84
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 85
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 86
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 87
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 88
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 89
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 90
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 91
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 92
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 93
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 94
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 95
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 96
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 97
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 98
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 99
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 100
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 101
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 102
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 103
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 104
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 105
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 106
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 107
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 108
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 109
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 110
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 111
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 112
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 113
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 114
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 115
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 116
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 117
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 118
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 119
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 120
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 121
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 122
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 123
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0708_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0506_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0304_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0102_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_1112_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0910_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0708_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0506_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0304_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0102_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_111220
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_091020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_070820
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_050620
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_030420
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_010220
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_1119
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_091019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_070819
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_050619
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_030419
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_010219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_111218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_091018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_070818
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_050618
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_030418
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_010218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0917
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0717
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0517
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0117
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0317
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_1116
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_0916
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_sp_111217
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com