IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 20
Líneas eléctricas e
incendios forestales:
panorama general,
perspectivas y
cambio climático
L
20
LAS LÍNEAS ELÉCTRICAS AÉREAS ATRAVIESAN
grandes extensiones de bosques y pastizales, y estas áreas a
menudo son inflamables y pueden quemarse. Los incendios
forestales son un importante fenómeno natural para muchos
ecosistemas de todo el mundo, pero también pueden causar
grandes daños a las personas y las comunidades. Como
resultado de la actividad humana en los espacios naturales,
las personas han alterado los regímenes de incendios
forestales con el tiempo y los incendios forestales se han
convertido en una amenaza para las personas, sus propiedades
y su infraestructura. Por ejemplo, la figura 1 muestra
los miles de incendios forestales detectados mediante
satélites en todo el mundo a lo largo de siete días a principios
de septiembre de 2021; la imagen da una indicación
de la magnitud mundial del fenómeno. Las líneas eléctricas
representan tanto una forma en que la actividad humana ha
cambiado los regímenes naturales de incendios forestales
(es decir, una fuente de ignición) como la infraestructura
vital vulnerable al fuego.
La interacción de las líneas eléctricas con fuertes vientos
o vegetación puede iniciar incendios forestales, como
Identificador de Objeto Digital 10.1109/MPE.2021.3122755
Fecha de la versión actual: 19 de enero de 2022
ieeepower & energy magazine
el incendio Camp Fire de 2018 en California que mató a
85 personas [véase " Camp Fire (2018) " ].
Si bien existen
otras formas más sofisticadas de mitigar el riesgo de
incendio que presentan las líneas eléctricas, un método
empleado por las empresas de servicios públicos es desconectar
las líneas para evitar cualquier posible incendio
durante los periodos de fuertes vientos y alto peligro de
incendio. Estas interrupciones preventivas tienen múltiples
consecuencias negativas y pueden interferir con el
funcionamiento de infraestructura vital, como hospitales
o el suministro de alimentos.
Los incendios forestales también pueden dañar las líneas
eléctricas cuando el calor intenso de las llamas o grandes
cantidades de humo deterioran las líneas y perjudican su
rendimiento. El daño de los incendios forestales a las redes
eléctricas también afecta la infraestructura vital y las comunidades.
Mientras se preparaba este artículo en septiembre
de 2021, un incendio en una interconexión en el Reino
Unido provocó que el suministro eléctrico se detuviera
durante casi una semana, y se espera que opere a capacidad
reducida durante seis meses. Según la British Broadcasting
Company, el incendio provocó un aumento del 19 % en el
precio de la electricidad al día siguiente. Si tenemos en
cuenta la estrecha integración de la actividad humana con
1540-7977/22©2022IEEE
enero/febrero 2022
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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