IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 26

que la vegetación se encienda más fácilmente y se queme
más intensamente. Por lo tanto, es probable que el cambio
climático provoque un aumento en la actividad de los incendios
forestales.
Un estudio reciente publicado en la revista de investigación
Earth's Future presentó evidencia que confirma tal
vínculo, identificando un aumento en las áreas consumidas
por incendios forestales en California a medida que aumenta
el déficit de presión de vapor del agua atmosférica (VPD,
por sus siglas en inglés, una representación de la vegetación
más seca). La gráfica en la figura 3 muestra este aumento y
también establece un vínculo entre el aumento de la VPD
y el cambio climático, ya que la VPD más alta ha ocurrido
predominantemente durante las últimas dos décadas (ilustrado
por los puntos de datos naranja y rojo). Se observan
tendencias similares en Eurasia y Canadá, especialmente
en las regiones árticas y subárticas. La mayor propensión a
quemarse podría, a su vez, indicar un riesgo elevado para las
redes eléctricas.
Un estudio de 2009 encontró una estrecha correlación
entre los índices de sequía y las áreas quemadas por los
incendios forestales. El estudio también descubrió que se han
expandido áreas que sufrieron periodos de sequía extrema
a lo largo de Eurasia en el siglo XX. El cambio climático
puede causar condiciones de sequía más prolongadas o más
intensas salpicadas por eventos de lluvias más importantes.
Esto plantea el riesgo de permitir que los combustibles ligeros
( " flash " ) crezcan y luego se sequen. La región mediterránea
constituye una excepción interesante en ese sentido, ya
que la superficie quemada ha disminuido ligeramente desde
mediados de los años ochenta. También hay evidencia de que
la temporada meteorológica mundial de incendios forestales
se está alargando como consecuencia del cambio climático,
es decir, ha aumentado el número de días en el año con condiciones
climáticas favorables para que ocurran incendios
forestales.
Si bien el área quemada ha aumentado durante las últimas
décadas en muchas ecorregiones de todo el mundo
[figura 4(b)], el número total de incendios sigue una tendencia
menos intuitiva. Los datos de Cal Fire indican que
los incendios forestales han disminuido en número desde
1985, aunque la tendencia se ha revertido en los últimos
15 años [figura 4(a)]. Esto lleva a la conclusión de que, en
promedio, los incendios individuales están aumentando de
tamaño, es decir, los incendios forestales están quemando
áreas más grandes.
Por supuesto, existen otros factores que contribuyen al
aumento de la actividad de los incendios forestales. Algunos
de ellos también son provocados por el cambio climático,
como las alteraciones en los patrones de viento, temporadas
Características de los incendios según el uso de la tierra
Los términos incendio forestal e incendio silvestre comúnmente
describen incendios que ocupan tierras de uso, carga
de combustible y modos de propagación significativamente
diferentes. En las comunidades de investigación de incendios
forestales, los términos se usan de manera más restringida.
La principal distinción es entre los incendios forestales (casi
todos combustibles naturales) y los incendios en la IUF. A diferencia
de los incendios forestales, los incendios IUF arden
a través de una combinación de combustibles forestales y
urbanos (p. ej., estructuras, vehículos, vegetación ornamental/agrícola,
etc.) La diferencia en la carga de combustible se
puede ver en la figura S1, que muestra imágenes satelitales de
áreas con y sin IUF. Las áreas IUF pueden tener incendios interfaz-IUF
o mezcla-IUF, la diferencia está en cuán separados
(o mezclados) están los combustibles urbanos y forestales.
Los incendios forestales a menudo representan poca o
ninguna amenaza para las comunidades y en muchas ocasiones
son provocados por los rayos. En algunas áreas remotas,
como el oeste de los Estados Unidos, se permite que estos
incendios ardan. En contraste, los incendios IUF ocurren intrínsecamente
cerca de las comunidades. El incendio forestal
puede propagarse a una comunidad y convertirse en un incendio
IUF. Los incendios relacionados con líneas eléctricas
ocurren cerca de las comunidades y, por lo tanto, son más
26
ieee power & energy magazine
comúnmente incendios IUF, probablemente acompañados
de pérdidas de estructuras.
Mezcla IUF
Interfaz IUF
Urbana
Forestal/Rural
figura S1. Ejemplos de líneas eléctricas aéreas en diferentes
tierras con y sin IUF. (Fuente: Google ©2021).
enero/febrero 2022

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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