IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 37

en promedio, comparado con el
conductor cubierto. Sin el costo
significativo, el soterramiento
tiene también un tiempo de ejecución
mucho más largo (p. ej.,
en diseño, autorización, construcción)
e incluso podría no
ser factible en ciertas áreas de la
zona de alto riesgo de incendios
(p. ej., terrenos rocosos) de SCE.
Este enfoque es consistente con
parte de la reciente legislación
histórica de California, concretamente,
el Proyecto de Ley 901
del Senado (SB901) de 2018 y el Proyecto de Ley 1054 de la
Asamblea (AB1054) de 2019, que establece que las empresas
de servicios públicos eléctricos deben " construir, mantener y
operar [sus] líneas eléctricas y equipos de manera que minimicen
el riesgo de incendios catastróficos que representen
dichas líneas eléctricas y equipos " .
El diseño de conductor cubierto de SCE utiliza la última
Tamaño del
conductor
(AWG)
1/0
336.4
653.9
tabla 1. Parámetros físicos de conductores cubiertos comúnmente
utilizados.
Tipo de
conductor
(trenzado)
ACSR (6x1)
Grosor del
aislamiento
(XL-HDPE)
165 mil
ACSR (18x1) 165 mil
ACSR (18x3) 180 mil
Peso
(lb/pie)
0.277
0.564
0.973
Diámetro
total
(pulgadas)
0.728
1.014
1.313
Ampacidad
por
conductor
(amp)
271
550
835
AWG: calibre de cable estadounidense; XL-HDPE: polietileno reticulado de alta
densidad.
tecnología con un diseño de tres capas (figuras 2 y 3). La
primera capa es un blindaje del conductor que reduce el
estrés eléctrico (es decir, la tensión) y conserva la integridad
del aislamiento y la vida útil del conductor cubierto. La
segunda capa es más duradera debido al uso del material
de polietileno reticulado de baja densidad que puede resistir
altas temperaturas. La reticulación aumenta la fuerza de
impulso de la cobertura, que a su vez incrementa la longevidad
del conductor cubierto. La tercera capa también contiene
material de polietileno reticulado de alta densidad
que posee una alta fuerza de impulso y proporciona una
mayor abrasión y resistencia a impactos (dando una mayor
efectividad de mitigación del contacto por situaciones con
objetos). La tercera capa igualmente tiene aditivos que
protegen contra el agrietamiento y los rayos ultravioleta.
El diseño de conductor cubierto proporciona beneficios para
la seguridad pública a partir de una situación de cables caídos,
en que las pruebas de laboratorio han demostrado una
corriente de falla mucho más baja que con un conductor descubierto
tradicional. La tabla 1 muestra algunos atributos
físicos de los conductores comúnmente utilizados.
Como parte del desarrollo de su programa de conductores
cubiertos contra incendios, SCE realizó una exhaustiva búsqueda
bibliográfica y evaluación comparativa con muchas
empresas de servicios públicos de los Estados Unidos y de
todo el mundo que han empleado conductores cubiertos para
sus sistemas de distribución. SCE también llevó a cabo un
análisis de ingeniería detallado para evaluar la efectividad
del conductor cubierto y así prevenir que el contacto con
objetos extraños (p. ej., escombros, hojas de palmeras, ramas
de árboles, etc.), incluido un conductor adyacente, se convirtiera
en una falla y fuente de ignición.
El análisis de ingeniería tuvo dos partes. La primera
fue calcular el modelado para simular el contacto de la
enero/febrero 2022
vegetación, la vida silvestre, un globo metálico u otro conductor
sobre el conductor cubierto específico, y luego estudiar
el rendimiento del conductor. La segunda parte fue de
pruebas empíricas de los mismos escenarios de contacto en
el conductor cubierto. Los resultados del análisis apoyaron
contundentemente la efectividad del conductor cubierto en
prevenir fallas e igniciones de contactos, permitiendo que
SCE procediera con el desarrollo de estándares y la implementación
de su programa de conductores cubiertos contra
incendios.
El programa de conductores no solo reemplaza al conductor,
sino que también lleva esa parte del circuito a nuevos
estándares de resiliencia de la red establecidos por SCE.
Esto incluye pero no se limita a:
figura 4. Un conductor cubierto previno que la caída de
un árbol causara una ignición o falla.
ieee power & energy magazine
37

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
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