IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 40

Los sistemas de distribución de 22 kV en Victoria, Australia,
funcionan con tensiones más altas del sistema y líneas
de distribución más extensas que las que se encuentran en
el sistema de SCE. Por consiguiente, la corriente de falla
para las redes de distribución conectadas a tierra resonantes
demostró ser mucho más baja para SCE que en Victoria. En
algunas subestaciones de SCE, la conexión a tierra resonante
por sí sola redujo la corriente de falla a aproximadamente
1 A. Donde se calcularon los relés para despejar fallas en 2
segundos, se pudieron alcanzar todos los objetivos de ignición
de Victoria.
Pese a que la conexión a tierra resonante es una
opción atractiva para las subestaciones pequeñas, presenta
un problema técnico importante. El circuito con
fallas debe identificarse con corriente de falla mínima.
Pocos productos en el mercado pueden detectar fallas
de magnitud tan pequeña. Si bien SCE está convirtiendo
una subestación en conexión a tierra resonante para
determinar si la implementación es práctica, es seguro
que la protección identifica el circuito adecuado para
las subestaciones con solo una línea de distribución por
transformador. En estas subestaciones, no es necesario
determinar el circuito en que ocurre una falla; el disyuntor
se puede abrir tan solo al saber que hay una falla. La
presencia de incluso fallas de magnitud extremadamente
baja puede determinarse de manera confiable con una
medición de la tensión.
Transformador de aislamiento
Para ampliar más el rango de circuitos en que se pueden
implementar REFCL de forma económica, SCE desarrolló
una forma viable de utilizar la conexión a tierra resonante
para prevenir igniciones creando la conexión a tierra en el
lado de la carga de un transformador de aislamiento (patente
pendiente). En este caso, se instala un transformador de aislamiento
cerca del límite de un área de incendios de alto
riesgo para que quede cubierto todo el circuito más allá del
transformador.
La conexión a tierra resonante de un transformador de
aislamiento cerca del borde de un área de alto riesgo y no en
la subestación ofrece varias ventajas:
✔ Se reduce la corriente de falla de línea única a tierra
en comparación con la instalación de la bobina de supresión
de arco en la subestación. Cuando se instala
en la subestación, la corriente de falla es la suma de
la corriente de carga de todos los circuitos alimentados
por el nodo de la subestación. Cuando se aplica
en un transformador de aislamiento, la corriente que
alimenta a la falla es solo la corriente de carga del circuito
descendente del transformador de aislamiento.
✔ Cada vez que ocurre una falla, hay sobretensión solo
en el lado de la carga del transformador de aislamiento
y no en cada circuito alimentado por el nodo de
la subestación. Esto reduce el costo de conversión
de manera sustancial, dado que el circuito de cuatro
figura 6. La implementación de un REFCL utilizando un
banco de aislamiento de alimentadores en SCE.
40
ieee power & energy magazine
figura 7. Un REFCL de un banco de aislamiento de alimentadores
montado en un soporte.
enero/febrero 2022

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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