IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 46

R
46
RECIENTEMENTE, VARIOS INCENDIOS FORESTALES
de importante magnitud han afectado a muchos países en el
mundo, provocando enormes pérdidas económicas y humanas,
además de daños considerables a los ecosistemas. Por ejemplo,
en enero de 2017, una serie de incendios forestales de alto
poder destructivo arrasaron con más de 500,000 hectáreas en
Chile, quemando 3,000 casas y dejando 11 personas muertas.
Nunca antes se había experimentado en el país la intensidad y el
impacto de estos incendios.
En junio de 2020, El Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones
Espaciales de Brasil detectó 103,000 incendios en la Amazonia
brasileña, con un aumento anual del 16 %. El aumento sistemático
de los incendios forestales en Brasil ha generado especial
preocupación a nivel internacional, dado que la selva amazónica
representa el sumidero de dióxido de carbono más grande
del mundo con efectos mitigadores importantes sobre el calentamiento
global. En 2019, los daños de los incendios se estimaron
en cerca de US$ 3.5 billones para la economía brasileña.
Estos eventos también han puesto en relieve la exposición y
vulnerabilidad de las infraestructuras críticas ante los incendios,
como es el caso de los sistemas eléctricos. Por ejemplo,
las líneas de transmisión se ven amenazadas por el traspaso
de calor y humo en exceso durante los incendios, provocando
fallas temporales y permanentes. En concreto, los incendios
pueden dañar torres y postes, conductores, aisladores y otros
componentes de las líneas de transmisión, generando, en algunos
casos, un colapso del corredor de la red.
Además, las altas temperaturas pueden reducir la capacidad
de las líneas de transmisión cercanas a focos de incendios. Los
efectos combinados del calor y el humo (polvo y hollín) generados
por los incendios pueden producir cortocircuitos. Por ejemplo,
los cambios en las propiedades físicas del espacio de aire
Lucha contra los
incendios forestales en
los sistemas eléctricos
Identificador de Objeto Digital 10.1109/MPE.2021.3122731
Fecha de la versión actual: 19 de enero de 2022
ieeepower & energy magazine
1540-7977/22©2022IEEE
enero/febrero 2022

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 46
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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