IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 54

de Adecuación, la etapa de Análisis de Seguridad y Calidad
de Servicio y la etapa de Análisis Económico del proceso
de planificación de redes. De acuerdo con la regulación chilena,
cada etapa puede identificar proyectos que mejoren una
característica dada de las redes de transmisión
En este contexto, el operador de redes ha estado desarrollando
nuevos conceptos para incorporar el riesgo de incendios
en los planes de reforzamiento/expansión de redes a
futuro. Por lo tanto, se ha estudiado el Mapa de Probabilidad
de Ignición de Incendios Forestales (figura 6), desarrollado
por la Corporación Nacional Forestal, como fuente de datos
para identificar las áreas de la red de transmisión expuestas
a riesgos de incendios. Esta probabilidad se estima a diario
tomando en cuenta la radiación solar, la temperatura y la
humedad del combustible fino muerto. Recientemente, han
1,185
Descargas atmosféricas
Incendios
surgido nuevas metodologías para planificar las inversiones
en el sistema utilizando estos mapas.
La experiencia brasileña
En Brasil, los incendios se encuentran entre las causas más
comunes de interrupciones forzadas de las líneas de transmisión
aéreas (figura 7). La figura indica que las condiciones
meteorológicas adversas y los incendios se destacan de
manera significativa entre otras causas. La figura 8 muestra
la tendencia estacional de interrupciones causadas por estos
dos eventos (en que las condiciones meteorológicas adversas
se atribuyen principalmente a descargas atmosféricas), comparando
la suma de eventos por mes del año y considerando
todas las interrupciones en las líneas de transmisión aérea
entre 2012 y 2020.
La figura 8 también muestra
645
572
536
536
376
262
182
83
45
20
12
9
132
23
140
97
109
261
149
674
579
560
647
figura 8. El patrón estacional de las interrupciones en la red básica de aquellas
provocadas por condiciones meteorológicas adversas e incendios.
Ene.
Feb.
Mar.
Abr.
que los incendios corresponden a
las principales causas de interrupciones
en ciertos meses y temporadas.
La frecuencia de eventos
desde 2012 indica una complementariedad
estacional. Si bien
es más probable que las descargas
atmosféricas ocurran en meses
de precipitaciones intensas en el
sureste (entre diciembre y abril),
las interrupciones relacionadas
con incendios se concentran
durante la estación seca (de mayo
a noviembre) en aquellas regiones
que representan la mayor parte de
la carga en Brasil. En particular,
el pico de interrupciones debidas
a incendios tiende a ocurrir
en septiembre. Esto coincide con
los patrones meteorológicos. Los
vientos más intensos y la escasez
May.
Jun.
Jul.
Ago.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dic.
figura 9. Dispersión de puntos calientes térmicos, 2020 (Fuente: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada; utilizado con
permiso).
54
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 3
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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