IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 76
Gestión de riesgos de
los incendios forestales
L
76
LAS EMPRESAS DE SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS DE TODO
el mundo se enfrentan a niveles de riesgos de incendio nunca
antes vistos a causa de las fallas y deficiencias de rutina en
las líneas y equipos de transmisión y distribución. Los riesgos
son mayores porque los cambios en los patrones meteorológicos
producen condiciones extremas de sequía y de tormentas
violentas. Estas empresas deben gestionar aparatos
eléctricos envejecidos y situaciones de fallas y arcos eléctricos
difíciles de detectar. Los incendios más graves de los
últimos años han aumentado la conciencia del público sobre
estos riesgos.
San Diego Gas & Electric Company (SDG&E) es una
de las empresas de servicios públicos de California que se
enfrenta a este peligro, se ocupa de sus causas
y realiza importantes esfuerzos para reducirlo.
El programa de reducción de riesgos se basa
en gran medida en soluciones innovadoras, que
experimentan y aplican una serie de nuevas
tecnologías y estrategias. No existe un enfoque
único para la reducción de los riesgos de incendio;
SDG&E aplica una serie de programas de
mejora para los aparatos y de respuestas operativas
y ante eventos, al tiempo que desarrolla nuevos
equipos y métodos de protección y control.
Este artículo presenta el conjunto de estrategias
de SDG&E para reducir los riesgos de
incendio, entre las que se incluyen las sustituciones
por fortalecimiento de la red, el monitoreo
meteorológico, los procedimientos operativos
adaptativos, los diseños adaptativos de
detección de fallas de distribución y los nuevos
esquemas de protección más rápidos y sensibles
para las líneas de transmisión. Además, SDG&E
ha sido el líder del sector en el desarrollo de la
protección contra la caída de conductores (FCP,
por sus siglas en inglés) de distribución a partir
de unidades de medición fasorial (PMU, por sus
siglas en inglés) y flujos de datos sincrofásicos
recogidos en los circuitos de distribución.
Identificador de Objeto Digital 10.1109/MPE.2021.3122733
Fecha de la versión actual: 19 de enero de 2022
ieeepower & energy magazine
1540-7977/22©2022IEEE
enero/febrero 2022
Como ya hemos explicado, detectar la apertura de un
conductor y desabastecer un circuito mientras el conductor
continúa cayendo evita que se produzca una falla a tierra en
arco que puede encender la vegetación seca: el conductor
roto no tiene energía cuando cae. SDG&E está preparando
el despliegue de nuevos esquemas de FCP de líneas de transmisión
a partir de las mediciones de la PMU, que pueden
disparar una línea y evitar el riesgo de ignición de incendios
de la misma manera que lo hace con los circuitos de distribución.
En las siguientes secciones resumimos las estrategias
de toda la empresa y exponemos los detalles técnicos de
cada estrategia de protección y control.
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 4
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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