IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 81
relé de protección se dispare. Para mejorar la sensibilidad
y reducir las duraciones de las fallas en comparación con la
protección tradicional de sobrecorriente de tiempo, SDG&E
emplea dos perfiles de configuración de protección únicos
en sus reconectores aéreos. Estos perfiles, o configuraciones,
ejecutados a través de comandos SCADA a los reconectores
de circuitos, limitan de manera significativa la energía
de la falla y la duración de los disparos durante los periodos
de alto riesgo, cuando es más probable que ocurra la ignición
y propagación de los incendios forestales.
Ajustes del SRP
SDG&E desarrolló su estrategia de perfil SRP en 2010. Un
grupo o perfil especial de ajustes de sensibilidad y tiempo
de disparo de la protección de relés y reconectores se puede
activar mediante operaciones de distribución en momentos
de alto riesgo de incendio. Los puntos de ajuste se eligen con
la mayor sensibilidad posible sin que se produzcan disparos
en condiciones de carga normales y resolverán una falla en
menos de cuatro ciclos de potencia o 70 ms. Con los ajustes
convencionales en la protección de sobrecorriente de tiempo,
se puede tardar segundos en resolver una falla. Cuando se
pronostican condiciones meteorológicas de incendio altas y
extremas, las operaciones de distribución de SDG&E habilitan
los ajustes de SRP en todo el sistema.
Para lograr una velocidad y sensibilidad óptimas, se recopilan
perfiles de carga históricos de cinco años para circuitos
y dispositivos individuales a través de la comunicación de
datos SCADA de cada reconector. SDG&E ha desarrollado
una herramienta de procesamiento de datos automatizada
que analiza el historial de carga de cada dispositivo en los
distritos de alto riesgo de incendio para marcar los puntos de
ajuste del SRP que se deben volver a verificar. Como resultado,
se actualiza la lógica de decisión que utilizan los operadores
para la intervención del SRP.
Cuando los meteorólogos de SDG&E pronostican condiciones
meteorológicas de riesgo de incendio alto y extremo,
los operadores cambian de forma remota una lista predefinida
de reconectores a un perfil SRP la noche anterior.
Estos ajustes de SRP no se coordinan con otros dispositivos
de protección, como los fusibles y los reconectores que
10
15
20
25
30
5
0.25
0.5 s,
4 pies
0.5
1 s,
16 pies
El conductor llega a tierra en 1.37 s
0.75
1
Tiempo (s)
figura 2. La línea de tiempo del conductor que cae.
1.25
ML
5A
6A
Disyuntor
de subestación
Z
4B
R
D
5B Y
7A
ML
Interruptor de conexión IC
2B
Y
R
2A
Z
D
Disyuntor
de subestación
3A
ML
#
figura 3. El diseño de dos circuitos de FCP.
enero/febrero 2022
ieee power & energy magazine
81
Central solar,
8 MW
IC
ML
D
R
Disyuntor
Reconector
Monitor de línea
Interruptor de conexión
Zona 1 = 1A, 2A y 3A
Zona 2 = 4B, 5A y 6A
Zona 3 = 5B y 7A
Ubicación de las pruebas
de FC
Sección del circuito alcanzada
por las zonas de protección del
circuito FCP si tiene un IED
integrado con capacidad
de PMU
1B
1A
Descripción:
PMU
4A
Altura del conductor (pies)
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 4
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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