IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 93
Por Rodrigo Moreno, Dimitris N. Trakas,
Magnus Jamieson, Mathaios Panteli,
Pierluigi Mancarella, Goran Strbac,
Chris Marnay y Nikos Hatziargyriou
El presente artículo apunta a abordar una serie de preguntas clave relevantes:
✔ ¿Cuál es el rol de las FED y las microrredes para proteger al sistema de los incendios?
✔ ¿Cómo pueden las capacidades operativas de las microrredes mejorar los enfoques basados
en la confiabilidad para hacer más resiliente la red?
✔ ¿Cómo pueden los planificadores evaluar las inversiones en carteras de FED para lograr una
compensación efectiva entre las FED y la planificación de las redes?
✔ ¿Cuáles son las barreras normativas y políticas para adaptar dichas carteras híbridas de
mejoras de resiliencia a los incendios?
En este artículo se entrega una visión general de evidencias reales para entender la potencial
contribución de las FED y las microrredes frente a los incendios. Se presenta un marco holístico
para evaluar y cuantificar el rol de las FED en la toma de decisiones sobre planificaciones operativas
e inversiones para posibilitar una mayor robustez y flexibilidad en un sistema expuesto a
incendios.
Ejemplos reales
La observación de ejemplos reales puede servir para explorar los potenciales beneficios de las
FED y las microrredes a fin de mejorar la resiliencia de los sistemas eléctricos en casos de incendio.
El uso de situaciones complejas en que estos recursos han mitigado o resuelto problemas
operativos puede ayudar a las partes interesadas en la prevención de incendios a entender mejor la
factibilidad y conveniencia de su aplicación práctica a la resiliencia ante incendios.
Las fuentes de energía
distribuida mejoran la
resiliencia de los sistemas
California
Se ha constatado la falta de medios convencionales de mitigación de incendios asociados
con el sistema de transmisión. Por ejemplo, en California, tras años de enormes incendios
que implicaron interacciones con el sistema
eléctrico, las empresas de distribución están
utilizando el desabastecimiento preventivo
de la red en caso de que se registren vientos
fuertes, secos y cálidos para evitar que el sistema
eléctrico desate un incendio. Pese a ser
una medida impopular para quienes pierden
su servicio, estas interrupciones, conocidas
como interrupciones del suministro eléctrico
por motivos de seguridad pública (PSPS, por
sus siglas en inglés), reflejan que la mayor
prioridad de cualquier entidad de redes eléctricas es el funcionamiento seguro pese a los
considerables costos.
Sin medidas adecuadas de mitigación, como una generación de reserva local o microrredes,
esto puede provocar que los clientes queden sin servicios esenciales, posiblemente durante días.
Las condiciones meteorológicas cálidas y secas son comunes al final del verano y en otoño. El
viento fuerte, turbulento y seco tiende a provocar eventos de PSPS, que suelen durar entre uno y
dos días, pero pueden alargarse a varios días en áreas difíciles de restablecer. Las PSPS son una
medida de emergencia que se utilizan en lugar de inversiones a largo plazo como la reconducción,
el reforzamiento, el soterramiento o la introducción de nuevas tecnologías tales como el
almacenamiento distribuido.
enero/febrero 2022
ieee power & energy magazine
93
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 4
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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