IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 94
El motivo por el que dichas medidas se vuelven necesarias
es el extremo costo y devastación que pueden causar los
incendios cuando se inician por fallas de la red. Un ejemplo
conocido fue el de Camp Fire, el 8 de noviembre de 2018, en
el noreste del estado. Este incendio, provocado por la falla de
un gancho que llevaba un conductor, dejó daños estimados
en US$ 17 mil millones, que incluyeron 85 muertes, 18,804
estructuras perdidas, 620 km2 de área quemada y y miles de
millones de dólares en multas y responsabilidades legales
para Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E).
La empresa cayó en bancarrota tras un historial de eventos
perjudiciales similares. El precio de sus acciones cayó
un 66 % en 13 meses, pese a que pudo salir de la quiebra
en junio de 2020 después de aceptar una serie de acuerdos
con agencias gubernamentales, empresas de seguros y otros
demandantes. Se estableció un fondo para las víctimas de
US$ 5,400 millones en efectivo y el 22 % de las acciones de
PG&E. PG&E está llevando a cabo un programa de seguridad
cuyo costo se calcula en cerca de US$ 6 mil millones
durante 2021 y 2022, y ha propuesto una meta de largo plazo
para soterrar aproximadamente una décima parte de su sistema,
unos 16,000 km de líneas, por US$ 15-20 mil millones.
Incluso los críticos impugnan esta estimación señalando
que es demasiado baja, dado que una parte importante de
este trabajo sería en áreas remotas, despobladas y rocosas.
En 2021, PG&E también dio inicio a varios otros programas
para mitigar el impacto de las interrupciones, como
la distribución de baterías o generadores subsidiados para
clientes vulnerables. Por otra parte, el uso generalizado de
generadores locales puede ser un peligro y dañar la calidad
del aire. Además, si el combustible se almacena mal o de
forma insegura en áreas de alto riesgo de incendios, podría
actuar como acelerante. El transporte de combustible de
reemplazo durante los incendios también puede ser peligroso
y poco confiable. Por consiguiente, en los lugares que
necesitan una alta resiliencia se suele invertir en almacenamiento
subterráneo de grandes proporciones. Dado el historial
de incendios en California asociados con redes eléctricas
y la creciente tendencia a recurrir a PSPS, las tecnologías
de microrredes independientes que utilizan comunidades y
clientes individuales en la " región vitivinícola " parecen ser
cada vez más atractivas.
Blue Lake Rancheria (BLR) tiene una microrred de
demostración implementada por la tribu Blue Lake junto
con el Centro de Investigación de Energía Schatz de la
Universidad Estatal de Humboldt (figura 1). La microrred
figura 1. Una visión general de la comunidad de BLR (Fuente: Centro de Investigación de Energía Schatz, Universidad
Estatal de Humboldt).
94
ieee power & energy magazine
enero/febrero 2022
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 5
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 14
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 15
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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