IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - 33
por computadora que utilizan los
operadores de redes de servicios
eléctricos para monitorear, controlar
y optimizar el rendimiento de
los sistemas de generación y transmisión.
Por lo tanto, comúnmente
se utiliza un EMS como apoyo a la
toma de decisiones para los operadores
de sistemas. Los operadores
de redes de China, como la Red
Estatal, han estado promoviendo
el uso de EMS en las organizaciones
de despacho a nivel provincial
y superior desde 1986, y
se ha desarrollado una plataforma
de EMS llamada CC-2000 con un
conjunto de aplicaciones avanzadas.
El EMS asistido por computaEstimación
del
estado dinámico
distribuido
con base en
un sistema
de medición
sincronizado
completo.
dora representa un importante cambio del despacho empírico
tradicional al despacho analítico moderno de los sistemas
eléctricos de China.
Sin embargo, los datos de medición inevitablemente contienen
ruido de transductores e incluso datos erróneos por
problemas, como ruido en el
canal de comunicación, interferencia
electromagnética y saturación
en el
transformador de
instrumentos. Se utiliza la estimación
de estado (SE, por sus siglas
en inglés) para reducir el impacto
del error de medición y entregar
datos confiables suficientemente
cercanos al tiempo real para las
aplicaciones del EMS. Las técnicas
avanzadas de SE son una de
las partes más importantes de los
sistemas avanzados del EMS. El
método de SE que se utiliza más
comúnmente en los EMS es la SE
estático (SSE, por sus siglas en
inglés). Se aprovecha la redundancia
espacial de las mediciones en la SSE para estimar una
sola imagen de las condiciones de funcionamiento de los sistemas
de corriente, como los fasores de tensión de nodos. La
SSE puede tener un rendimiento aceptable en los sistemas
eléctricos convencionales con predominio de grandes generadores
síncronos (GS). No obstante,
los datos de medición utilizados en la
SSE provienen del sistema de control
de supervisión y adquisición de datos
(SCADA, por sus siglas en inglés), se
toman muestras de estos normalmente
cada dos a cuatro segundos y no se
sincronizan bien. Estas debilidades
generan que la SSE solo registre el
proceso de estado cuasi estacionario
de los sistemas eléctricos con dinámica
electromecánica.
Con la implementación generalizada
de la energía renovable, los
controles de carga inteligente, el
almacenamiento de energía y los
vehículos híbridos conectables,
el funcionamiento de los sistemas
eléctricos es más aleatorio y dinámico.
Por lo tanto, la suposición
del estado cuasi estacionario podría
ser inválida. El uso generalizado de
equipos electrónicos de potencia
ha tenido un alto impacto en la red
eléctrica existente de China, ocasionando
una serie de problemas, como
oscilaciones subsíncronas (SSO, por
sus siglas en inglés) y compromiso
de la estabilidad del sistema. Por
ejemplo, en julio de 2015 hubo un
evento de SSO en los parques eólicos
del área de Hami en Sinkiang,
enero/febrero 2023
ieee power & energy magazine
33
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - 4
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - 101
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover4
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