IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - 46

En el primer paso, las distribuciones de los estados actuales
se predicen utilizando los estados anteriores. En el segundo
paso, la distribución de los estados actuales se corrige cuando
se recibe una captura nueva de los datos de medición. Los dos
pasos se ejecutan de forma recursiva para asimilar los datos
de medición captura a captura, con el paso del tiempo. Los
estados estimados convergerán a los estados verdaderos si el
sistema es detectable y, preferiblemente, observable. A fin
de garantizar la precisión de la estimación, la relación entre
la covarianza del ruido del proceso y el ruido de la medición
se debe configurar correctamente para balancear las ponderaciones
de las mediciones actuales y los estados anteriores
en la estimación de los estados actuales. Aquí, la covarianza
del ruido del proceso describe la incertidumbre de los modelos
de transición de estados, que con frecuencia procede de
un conocimiento limitado de cómo cambian los estados con
el tiempo. La covarianza del ruido de medición describe la
incertidumbre de las mediciones, que suele proceder de la
precisión limitada de los instrumentos de medición.
Aplicaciones múltiples
A partir de las tecnologías de filtrado, se han desarrollado
aplicaciones múltiples para ayudar a un ingeniero de sistemas
eléctricos a comprender el estado de un sistema, prever
hacia dónde se dirige y garantizar la integridad de sus mediciones.
Como se muestra en la figura 1, las aplicaciones de
los KFs en los sistemas eléctricos se pueden agrupar en las
tres categorías siguientes:
✔ DSE: los KFs se han implementado para estimar los
estados dinámicos de máquinas síncronas y turbinas
eólicas. Los estados dinámicos son el conjunto mínimo
de variables que pueden revelar completamente el
estado actual de las operaciones. No sólo se pueden
utilizar como entrada en tiempo real de un sistema de
control para amortiguar con rapidez las oscilaciones
perjudiciales no deseadas, sino también para establecer
un punto de partida que permita predecir el estado
del sistema eléctrico en el próximo momento. Dado
que los estados dinámicos en los sistemas eléctricos no
se suelen medir directamente, los KFs se aplican para
estimarlos de manera precisa y oportuna utilizando los
datos de los PMUs.
✔ Validación y calibración en línea del modelo: con el
despliegue de más PMUs en los sistemas eléctricos, los
KFs se han utilizado para calibrar los parámetros de los
modelos dinámicos de generadores y parques eólicos.
La precisión de los modelos dinámicos es esencial para
la estabilidad de una red eléctrica, ya que los modelos
se utilizan con frecuencia en la fase de planificación
para revelar cómo responde una red eléctrica a las perturbaciones.
En los sistemas eléctricos, los principales
errores de los modelos se suelen asociar a la desviación

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover4
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