IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - 64
Dado el alto número de estados de un sistema real, puede resultar
difícil alcanzar una solución DSE si se consideran simultáneamente
todos los generadores de un sistema de amplias dimensiones.
variables más nítidas para la toma de decisiones preventivas
y acciones correctivas a través de WACS y SIPS de un solo
disparo.
No hace falta decir que, aparte de algunas aplicaciones
tempranas en controles de generadores locales, en
Hydro-Québec no se ha creado hasta la fecha ninguna aplicación
EMS de DSE ascendente. La barrera de la infraestructura
de sensores es menos preocupante hoy en día, dada
la aparición de comunicación más rápida y PMUs más económicos
que proporcionan fasores y frecuencias precisos
con una respuesta dinámica rápida. Sin embargo, dado el
alto número de estados de un sistema real, puede resultar
difícil alcanzar una solución DSE si se consideran simultáneamente
todos los generadores de un sistema de amplias
dimensiones. Por ejemplo, para un sistema con 100 máquinas,
necesitaremos seguir 800 estados dinámicos en tiempo
real, utilizando un número mucho mayor de mediciones del
generador. Este problema de escalabilidad se puede eludir si
se construye el estado del modelo del sistema " localmente " ,
es decir, determinando el estado de cada máquina de manera
independiente. Aunque la DSE puede llegar a ser subóptima
debido a la subdivisión del sistema, esta descentralización
tiene varias ventajas importantes:
✔ Cada estado de la máquina se evalúa individualmente
sin ningún conocimiento de la red de interconexión,
que solo es necesaria para predecir la respuesta total
del sistema.
✔ A continuación, los datos de salida de la DSE pueden
teletransmitirse a un procesador central, que filtra las
estimaciones individuales del estado de las máquinas
utilizando un modelo de sistema completo para producir
una estimación federada del estado del sistema.
Enlace ascendente
de datos de área amplia
Cerebro D-WASA
Análisis del fasor
de la subestación
i
C37.1182014a
v
IED
Clase
P/M
....
Fasores de
armónicos
I,V
F
ROCOF
ROCOV
Características
de armónicos
Estados
dinámicos
Motor de
calibración
...
Motor
DSE
Indicadores
IED
SPDC
MF-MBPSS
DERMS/C
FED
SIPS, WACS y pantallas de
despacho basados en la respuesta
Enlace descendente
de datos de
área amplia
SPDC
Std Datos
PMU
SPDC
2
SPDC
...
SPDC
N
PDC
SPDC
1
Análisis de fasores de supervisión
Variables
del
centro de
inercia
Variables
piloto
....
ROCOF,
ROCOV
Datos de
área amplia
para la
acción
Índices de
gravedad de
área amplia
Índices de
energía
transitoria
....
Índices
modales de
seguimiento
Características
DSE para la
acción
EMS/C
Datos
para la
toma de
decisiones
Modelo de
instantáneas
desde SE
Datos al
gemelo
digital
Analítica para
el operador
automático
D-WASA a
acciones de
control
figura 10. Desde PMU inteligentes a D-WASA: en la era del IoT, los sincrofasores más inteligentes y los dispositivos
electrónicos inteligentes (IED, por sus siglas en inglés) acelerarán la convergencia de EMS y WACS para permitir un
EMS/C autónomo con bucles de control de retroalimentación rápidos para mitigar las incertidumbres. Std: estándar;
DERMS/C: DERMS de control.
64
ieee power & energy magazine
enero/febrero 2023
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover4
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