IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - 88

La ampacidad nominal de las LS suele ser un valor conservador,
dado que no toma en cuenta la alta inercia térmica
de los materiales implicados.
el modelo de DSE para la estimación de las temperaturas y los
parámetros desconocidos en presencia de ruidos en la medición
y el modelo. Con este propósito, se define un vector de
estado aumentado, como las variables de estado del modelo y
el conjunto completo de parámetros a estimar. De este modo,
el proceso del KF actualiza el vector de estado completo con
cada nueva muestra proporcionada por la DTS.
El proceso general del método con DTS, incluida la estimación
de parámetros, se ilustra en el diagrama de flujo de la
figura 3 y se resume aquí:
✔ Las estimaciones de las variables de estado y los parámetros
se introducen en el algoritmo del KF, junto con
la covarianza correspondiente del error de estimación
inicial.
✔ Luego, se procesan las mediciones de DTS con el KF
para obtener estimaciones de los parámetros implicados
en el modelo.
✔ Por último, dado el perfil de corriente esperado, se utiliza
el modelo estimado para predecir la temperatura
de cada sección del cable subterráneo y comprobar si
se superó la temperatura operativa máxima.
Se ha evaluado la precisión de la técnica con el KF en
una serie de escenarios simulados, donde se ejecuta una
herramienta con el MEF con distintos valores de parámetros
para emular las mediciones de DTS incluidas en el
algoritmo del KF. El error de estimación máximo de cada
parámetro puede considerarse una métrica del rendimiento
total del método.
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0 0.51 1.5
Tiempo (h)
(a)
Aplicación de campo
La tecnología de DTS presentada anteriormente ha sido utilizada
en un proyecto piloto en las Islas Baleares de España.
La información de DTS se complementa con la estimación
en tiempo real de tres parámetros externos al cable, generando
una predicción más precisa de la temperatura del
conductor para las futuras curvas de carga. Esta técnica de
estimación más sofisticada ha sido probada en tres LS operativas,
en concreto, dos circuitos de 220 kV en Barcelona,
un cable corto de 66 kV en Mallorca y un circuito de 132 kV
en la interconexión de Mallorca e Ibiza. El objetivo era hacer
predicciones de 48 horas de la temperatura del conductor
con un error de menos de 3 °C.
En el caso del perfil de corriente que se presenta en la
figura 4(a), las mediciones de temperatura del recubrimiento
entregadas por la DTS son las que se muestran en la figura
4(b), que es solo la información utilizada para la estimación
de parámetros realizada por la DSE con el KF.
La evolución del tiempo de las estimaciones para los
tres parámetros a estimar está representada en la figura
5(a)-(c). Cabe aceptar que los valores estimados permanecen
en un rango aceptable, excepto por la temperatura
ambiente Ta. Por último, se utilizó el modelo de DSE para
predecir la temperatura del recubrimiento por las 48 horas
siguientes, lo que puede compararse con las mediciones
reales de la DTS para probar la precisión del modelo. La
diferencia entre ambos valores (error de estimación) se
representa en la figura 5(d), donde se puede observar que
15
20
25
30
35
2 2.5 30 0.5 1 1.5
×104
2 2.5 3
Tiempo (h)
(b)
figura 4. (a) Perfil de corriente considerado y (b) mediciones de DTS en la aplicación presentada.
88
ieee power & energy magazine
enero/febrero 2023
×104
Corriente (A)
Temperatura de DTS (°C)

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2023 - Cover3
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